Emissão de N2O e de CO2 em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar em função da presença de palha sobre o solo.

RESUMO: O objetivo foi avaliar as emissões de N2O e CO2 no cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, em função da presença de diferentes níveis de palha sobre o solo, relacionando com a adubação nitrogenada. Para isto, foram avaliados os tratamento sem e com a adição de 12,8 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo. O experimento instalado com delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas de 60m2 foram adubadas com 100 kg de N ha-1 (nitrato de amônio). Os fluxos de CO2 e N2O foram amostrados a partir do 1° ao 46° dia após a aplicação do fertilizante em intervalos de um dia entre as coletas, entre os meses de dezembro a janeiro de 2013. As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa. Observou-se maior fluxo de N-N2O nos primeiros 15-20 dias após a adubação, no tratamento com presença de palha o fluxo de N foi de 53,54 mg N m-2 dia-1 e o tratamento sem palha foi de 5,20 mg N m-2 dia-1. Já o maior fluxo de CO2 foi de 11,33 g m2 dia-1 para o tratamento com palha e 9,66 g m2 dia-1 para o tratamento sem palha

Multi-experiment assessment of soil nitrous oxide emissions in sugarcane

Soil nitrous oxide (N 2O) fluxes comprise a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural products but are spatially and tempo-rally variable, due to complex interactions between climate, soil and management variables. This study aimed to identify the main factors that affect N2Oemissions under sugarcane, using a multi-site data-base from field experiments. Greenhouse gas fluxes, soil, climate, and management data were obtained from 13 field trials spanning the 2011–2017 period. We conducted exploratory, descriptive and inferential data analyses in experiments with varying fertiliser and stillage (vinasse) type and rate, and crop residue rates. The most relevant period of high N2O fluxes was the first 46 days after fertiliser application. The results indicate a strong positive correlation of cumulative N2O with nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate, soil fungi community (18S rRNA gene), soil ammonium(NH 4+ ) and nitrate (NO3−); and a moderate negative correlation with amoA genes of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and soil organic matter content. The regression analysis revealed that easily routinely measured climate and management-related variables explained over 50% of the variation in cumulativeN2O emissions, and that additional soil chemical and physical parameters improved the regression fit within R2 = 0.65. Cross-wavelet analysis indicated significant correlations of N2O fluxes with rainfall and air temperature up to 64 days, associated with temporal lags of 2 to 4 days in some experiments, and presenting a good environmental control over fluxes in general. The nitrogen fertiliser mean emission factors ranged from 0.03 to 1.17% of N applied, with urea and ammonium nitrate plus vinasse producing high emissions, while ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate without vinasse, calcium nitrate, and mitigation alternatives (nitrification inhibitors and timing of vinasse application) producing low N2O-EFs. Measurements from multiple sites spanning several crop-ping seasons were useful for exploring the influence of environmental and management-related variables on soil N 2O emissions in sugarcane production, providing support for global warming mitigation strategies, nitrogen management policies, and increased agricultural input efficiency

Hypertriglyceridemia Increases Mitochondrial Resting Respiration And Susceptibility To Permeability Transition.

High plasma level of triglycerides (TGs) is a common feature in atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, alcoholism, stress, and infection. Since mitochondria have been implicated in cell death under a variety of metabolic disorders, we examined liver mitochondrial functions in hypertriglyceridemic transgenic mice. Hypertriglyceridemia increased resting respiration and predisposed to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Ciprofibrate therapy reduced plasma TG levels, normalized respiration, and prevented MPT. The higher resting respiration in transgenic mitochondria remained in the presence of the adenine nucleotide carrier inhibitor, carboxyatractyloside, bovine serum albumin, and the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) inhibitor, GDP. UCP2 content was similar in both control and transgenic mitochondria. We propose that faster resting respiration represents a regulated adaptation to oxidize excess free fatty acid in the transgenic mice.35451-