Oregon: Changing Climate, Economic Impacts, & Policies for Our Future

E2's compendium of leading research – "Oregon: Changing Climate, Economic Impacts, and Policies for our Future" – is a new, first-of-its-kind resource for businesses, entrepreneurs, and policymakers. In addition to examining the economic threat climate change poses to Oregon, the report highlights the economic benefits and job opportunities that can be created by deploying more clean energy

An evaluation of auroral all-sky camera observations

From photometric, all-sky camera, and visual observations of a moderate auroral display, it is found that the all-sky camera compares favorably with the visual observer in detecting and recording auroral forms. The visual observer can make instantaneous observations and so can detect rapid changes and auroral forms lasting only a few seconds, whereas the poorer time resolution of the all-sky camera prevents it from recording very short-lived phenonema. However, the ability of the all-sky camera to accurately record the shape and intensity of the majority of auroral forms allows it to yield more precise and complete information about these aspects of auroral morphology than is normally obtained through visual observation.Ye

Planning for Expressive Language in Math for Multilingual Learners

Many multilingual students are struggling to keep up in their math classes. They are not given enough opportunities to use the language of math to explain and justify their thinking. The research question addressed in this project was, How can planning for expressive language in math affect the academic achievement and language development of third grade multilingual students? The author describes her personal and professional experiences that guided her to the question. Then, the author reviews professional literature on the topics of learning language through content, math as a second language, and scaffolds and strategies for using expressive language in math. Next, the author describes the project which is a ten lesson third grade math curricular unit with expressive language embedded throughout the lessons. The lessons were created using the Understanding by Design framework and are aligned with the 2007 Minnesota Academic Standards for Math, as well as the 2020 WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework. Last, the author explains the major learnings and implications when using expressive language in math

The Twilight Enhancement Of The Auroral And Nebular Lines Of Neutral Atomic Oxygen

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 196

Improving Personnel Selection through Value Focused Thinking

Personnel selection has always and will continue to be a challenging endeavor for the military special operations. They want to select the best out of a number of qualified applicants. How an organization determines what makes a successful candidate and how to compare candidates against each other are some of the difficulties that top tier organizations like the special operations face. Value focused thinking (VFT) places criteria in a hierarchal structure and quantifies the values with criteria measurements, known as a decision model. The selection process can be similar to a college selecting their students. This research used college student entry data and strategic goals as a proxy for special operations applicants and standards. It compared two case studies of college admissions selection criteria. A sample pool of 8,000 select and 24,000 non-select candidates was generated from real world datasets. VFT was applied to develop a valid admissions selection process model. The schools admissions documentation was used to build the hierarchies, single attribute value functions (SAVF), multi-attribute value functions (MAVF), and weights. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to sample applicants from the generated pool and examined how accurately the models were able to select the correct applicants

AMPS definition study on Optical Band Imager and Photometer System (OBIPS)

A study was conducted to define the characteristics of a modular optical diagnostic system (OBIPS) for AMPS, to provide input to Phase B studies, and to give information useful for experiment planning and design of other instrumentation. The system described consists of visual and UV-band imagers and visual and UV-band photometers; of these the imagers are most important because of their ability to measure intensity as a function of two spatial dimensions and time with high resolution. The various subsystems of OBIPS are in themselves modular with modules having a high degree of interchangeability for versatility, economy, and redundancy

Inferring hydroxyl layer peak heights from ground-based measurements of OH(6-2) band integrated emission rate at Longyearbyen (78 N, 16 E)

Measurements of hydroxyl nightglow emissions over Longyearbyen (78 N, 16 E) recorded simultaneously by the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and a ground-based Ebert-Fastie spectrometer have been used to derive an empirical formula for the height of the OH layer as a function of the integrated emission rate (IER). Altitude profiles of the OH volume emission rate (VER) derived from SABER observations over a period of more than six years provided a relation between the height of the OH layer peak and the integrated emission rate following the procedure described by Liu and Shepherd (2006). An extended period of overlap of SABER and ground-based spectrometer measurements of OH(6-2) IER during the 2003–2004 winter season allowed us to express ground-based IER values in terms of their satellite equivalents. The combination of these two formulae provided a method for inferring an altitude of the OH emission layer over Longyearbyen from ground-based measurements alone. Such a method is required when SABER is in a southward looking yaw cycle. In the SABER data for the period 2002–2008, the peak altitude of the OH layer ranged from a minimum near 76 km to a maximum near 90 km. The uncertainty in the inferred altitude of the peak emission, which includes a contribution for atmospheric extinction, was estimated to be±2.7 km and is comparable with the ±2.6 km value quoted for the nominal altitude (87 km) of the OH layer. Longer periods of overlap of satellite and ground-based measurements together with simultaneous onsite measurements of atmospheric extinction could reduce the uncertainty to approximately 2 km

Inferring hydroxyl layer peak heights from ground-based measurements of OH(6-2) band integrated emission rate at Longyearbyen (78 N, 16 E)

Measurements of hydroxyl nightglow emissions over Longyearbyen (78 N, 16 E) recorded simultaneously by the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and a ground-based Ebert-Fastie spectrometer have been used to derive an empirical formula for the height of the OH layer as a function of the integrated emission rate (IER). Altitude profiles of the OH volume emission rate (VER) derived from SABER observations over a period of more than six years provided a relation between the height of the OH layer peak and the integrated emission rate following the procedure described by Liu and Shepherd (2006). An extended period of overlap of SABER and ground-based spectrometer measurements of OH(6-2) IER during the 2003–2004 winter season allowed us to express ground-based IER values in terms of their satellite equivalents. The combination of these two formulae provided a method for inferring an altitude of the OH emission layer over Longyearbyen from ground-based measurements alone. Such a method is required when SABER is in a southward looking yaw cycle. In the SABER data for the period 2002–2008, the peak altitude of the OH layer ranged from a minimum near 76 km to a maximum near 90 km. The uncertainty in the inferred altitude of the peak emission, which includes a contribution for atmospheric extinction, was estimated to be±2.7 km and is comparable with the ±2.6 km value quoted for the nominal altitude (87 km) of the OH layer. Longer periods of overlap of satellite and ground-based measurements together with simultaneous onsite measurements of atmospheric extinction could reduce the uncertainty to approximately 2 km

Sounding of the Cleft Ion Fountain Energization Region

The objectives of the ground-based observations in support of the SCIFER are: Acquire and display ionospheric conditions prior to launch to aid in the establishment of launch criteria in real time. Observers at both stations participated in real-time visual interpretation. Solar wind data from IMP-8 and WIND were acquired and interpreted in real time. Telephonic and data links were established at the observatory for the launch window period. Ground-based observatory countdown and launch criteria were developed. 2) Relate optical and magnetic ionospheric signatures observed from the ground to magnetospheric boundaries in the energetic particle flux measured at the payload. The energetic electron trapping boundary was found to correspond to the equatorward edge of the discrete auroral arcs forming the dayside aurora. The energetic electron trapping boundary was found to correspond to the poleward edge of pulsating aurora. The pulsating aurora was found to correspond to one second bursts of energy-dispersed electrons originating in the equatorial plane. Pulsations at larger intervals corresponded to travel times to the conjugate region and return. The pulsating aurora was also directly linked to the geomagnetic pulsations and traveling magnetic vortices, all occurring equatorward of the trapping boundary. 630 nm emission corresponding to less than 10 eV electron precipitation was observed equatorward of the trapping boundary (L=15) and ascribed to photoelectrons from the sunlit conjugate region. 3) Aid in the interpretation of time/space incongruities in the rocket data. The motion of the payload conjugate across the aurora showed that the payload passed over three distinct arc systems on the poleward side of the trapping boundary. These results were reported in a series of articles to be printed in Geophysical Research Letters on June 15, l996