Цифровые системы в публичной политике и городском планировании: лоббирование, примеры и рекомендации к дальнейшему применению

The use of digital systems in the face of growing global competition is one of the most important trends in the development of both corporate and public governance worldwide. Hence, the key task of the article is to analyze the specifics of the implementation and optimization of digital management systems in terms of minimizing political and economic risks. A comparative analysis of various cases clearly demonstrates that even lobbying for the introduction of digital planning and management systems can have both a positive and negative impact on government policy, depending on the specific situation. However, the demand for their use in state institutions at the federal and regional levels is only increasing every year, which opens up opportunities not only for potential customers, but also for performers and developers of digital systems. The authors prove that the deployment of innovative management technologies plays a crucial role in shaping the competitiveness and profitability of a company in both the public and private sectors. As an example, the authors consider options for implementing an enterprise resource planning system (ERP systems or Enterprise Resource Planning, i.e. a software solution that integrates the various business processes and functions of an organization into a single system), which led to failures due to a number of factors. On the other hand, examples of successful implementation of digital transformation projects in Russia are presented and a list of factors worth paying attention to when implementing urban planning projects in order to avoid financial losses in the future is given. The introduction of digital management systems in the practice of functioning of the unified system of public authority of the Russian Federation is an important step towards improving the management of public resources and improving the efficiency of government structures in general.Применение цифровых систем в условиях растущей глобальной конкуренции является одним из важнейших трендов развития как корпоративного, так и публичного управления во всем мире. Отсюда ключевая задача статьи проанализировать специфику внедрения и совершенствования цифровых систем управления в аспекте минимизации политико-экономических рисков. Сравнительный анализ различных кейсов наглядно демонстрирует, что даже лоббирование внедрения цифровых систем планирования и управления может оказать как положительное, так и отрицательное влияние на политику правительства в зависимости от конкретной ситуации. Однако запрос на их использование в государственных институтах федерального и регионального уровней с каждым годом неизменно возрастает, что открывает возможности не только для потенциальных заказчиков, но и для исполнителей, а также разработчиков цифровых систем. Авторы доказывают, что развертывание инновационных технологий управления играет решающую роль в формировании конкурентоспособности и рентабельности компании как государственного, так и частного секторов. В качестве примера авторы рассматривают варианты имплементации системы планирования ресурсов предприятия (ERP-систем или Enterprise Resource Planning, т.е. программное решение, которое объединяет различные бизнес-процессы и функции организации в единую систему). В частности, в исследовании представлены примеры успешной реализации проектов по цифровой трансформации в России и составлен перечень потенциальных рисков, на которые стоит обратить внимание при реализации проектов по городскому планированию, дабы в дальнейшем избежать финансовых потерь. Внедрение цифровых систем управления в практику функционирования единой системы публичной власти РФ является важным шагом на пути к совершенствованию управления государственными ресурсами и повышению эффективности работы государственных структур в целом

ISOLATED HYDROPERICARDIUM – THE IMPLICATION OF LATE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM

Background. In therapeutic practice the diagnostics of hypothyroidism can be difficult due to its non-specific nature and symptoms diversity. Goal. To present the result of successful diagnostics and treatment of primary hypothyroidism, where hydropericardium was defined as the main symptom of the disease. Material and methods. A case of late diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism in a female aged 50 with hydropericardium is described. The tactics of examination of the patient according to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2015) with the purpose of excluding metabolic causes of pericardial effusion is presented. Results. The ignoring of the most frequent symptoms of hypothyroidism was found to be the reason for late diagnostics of the disease, hydropericardium being considered the primary disease. Conclusions. In order to exclude metabolic causes of pericardial effusion during the examination of patients with the diseases of pericardium, evaluation of the thyroid function is warranted

Changes in Gametogenesis and Sexual Maturation of the Young Muksun (Coregonus muksun) Under the Influence of Surfagon

Сокращение численности множества ценных видов рыб повышает актуальность разработки технологий их искусственного воспроизводства. Для муксуна (Coregonus muksun) процесс создания маточных стад достаточно ресурсозатратен, причиной чему является позднее половое созревание этого вида. Гормональное воздействие во время ранних стадий гаметогенеза потенциально способно ускорить половое созревание. В данной работе приводятся результаты экспериментов по воздействию синтетического аналога гонадотропного релизинг-гормона – сурфагона – на гаметогенез, темп полового созревания и состояние внутренних органов молоди муксуна, выращиваемого в условиях искусственного воспроизводства – в бассейнах с оборотным водоснабжением. Отмечено ускорение темпов гаметогенеза у особей, подвергнутых воздействию гормона.Reducing the number of many valuable fish species increases the importance of technologies for their artificial reproduction. For muksun (Coregonus muksun), the process of creating broodstocks is resource-intensive because of its late sexual maturation. Hormonal exposure during the early stages of gametogenesis is potentially capable of accelerating puberty of fishes. In this paper, the authors describe the effect of a synthetic analogue of the gonadotropin releasing hormone-surfagon on gametogenesis, rates of puberty, and the internal organs of muksun’s juveniles. The results show an acceleration in the rate of gametogenesis in the fish exposed to the hormone

Small Reactors without On-site Refuelling: Neutronic Characteristics, Emergency Planning and Development Scenarios

Small reactors without on-site refuelling have a capability to operate without reloading or shuffling of fuel in their cores for reasonably long periods of time consistent with plant economy and considerations of energy security, with no fresh or spent fuel being stored at the site during reactor operation. In 2009, more than 25 design concepts of such reactors were analyzed or developed in IAEA Member States, representing both developed and developing countries. Small reactors without on-site refuelling are being developed for several reactor lines, including water cooled reactors, sodium cooled fast reactors, lead and lead bismuth cooled reactors, and also include some non-conventional concepts. To further research and development (R&D) in the areas mentioned above and several others, and to facilitate progress in Member States in design and technology development for small reactors without on-site refueling, the IAEA has conducted a dedicated Coordinated Research Project (CRP) entitled ‘Small Reactors without On-site Refuelling’ (CRPi25001). The project started late in 2004 and, after a review in 2008, was extended for one more year to be ended in 2009. The project has created a network of 18 research institutions from 10 Member States, representing both developed and developing countries. The objective of this report is to document reference points and conclusions achieved through coordinated research conducted within the CRP on ‘Small Reactors without On-site Refuelling’ and to suggest R&D activities to be furthered after the CRP completion. Being documented, the outputs of this CRP may foster further R&D and increase the capability of Member States to achieve progress in development and deployment of small reactors without on-site refuelling

Small reactors without on-site refuelling : neutronic characteristics, emergency planning and development scenarios : final report of an IAEA coordinated research project

Lietuvos energetikos institutas, [email protected] energetikos institutas, [email protected] energetikos institutas, [email protected]

General anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery (GALA): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Background: The effect of carotid endarterectomy in lowering the risk of stroke ipsilateral to severe atherosclerotic carotid-artery stenosis is offset by complications during or soon after surgery. We compared surgery under general anaesthesia with that under local anaesthesia because prediction and avoidance of perioperative strokes might be easier under local anaesthesia than under general anaesthesia. Methods: We undertook a parallel group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial of 3526 patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis from 95 centres in 24 countries. Participants were randomly assigned to surgery under general (n=1753) or local (n=1773) anaesthesia between June, 1999 and October, 2007. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with stroke (including retinal infarction), myocardial infarction, or death between randomisation and 30 days after surgery. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered with Current Control Trials number ISRCTN00525237. Findings: A primary outcome occurred in 84 (4·8%) patients assigned to surgery under general anaesthesia and 80 (4·5%) of those assigned to surgery under local anaesthesia; three events per 1000 treated were prevented with local anaesthesia (95% CI -11 to 17; risk ratio [RR] 0·94 [95% CI 0·70 to 1·27]). The two groups did not significantly differ for quality of life, length of hospital stay, or the primary outcome in the prespecified subgroups of age, contralateral carotid occlusion, and baseline surgical risk. Interpretation: We have not shown a definite difference in outcomes between general and local anaesthesia for carotid surgery. The anaesthetist and surgeon, in consultation with the patient, should decide which anaesthetic technique to use on an individual basis. Funding: The Health Foundation (UK) and European Society of Vascular Surgery. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

General anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery (GALA): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The effect of carotid endarterectomy in lowering the risk of stroke ipsilateral to severe atherosclerotic carotid-artery stenosis is offset by complications during or soon after surgery. We compared surgery under general anaesthesia with that under local anaesthesia because prediction and avoidance of perioperative strokes might be easier under local anaesthesia than under general anaesthesia. METHODS: We undertook a parallel group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial of 3526 patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis from 95 centres in 24 countries. Participants were randomly assigned to surgery under general (n=1753) or local (n=1773) anaesthesia between June, 1999 and October, 2007. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with stroke (including retinal infarction), myocardial infarction, or death between randomisation and 30 days after surgery. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered with Current Control Trials number ISRCTN00525237. FINDINGS: A primary outcome occurred in 84 (4.8%) patients assigned to surgery under general anaesthesia and 80 (4.5%) of those assigned to surgery under local anaesthesia; three events per 1000 treated were prevented with local anaesthesia (95% CI -11 to 17; risk ratio [RR] 0.94 [95% CI 0.70 to 1.27]). The two groups did not significantly differ for quality of life, length of hospital stay, or the primary outcome in the prespecified subgroups of age, contralateral carotid occlusion, and baseline surgical risk. INTERPRETATION: We have not shown a definite difference in outcomes between general and local anaesthesia for carotid surgery. The anaesthetist and surgeon, in consultation with the patient, should decide which anaesthetic technique to use on an individual basis. FUNDING: The Health Foundation (UK) and European Society of Vascular Surgery