Financial Crisis Effects on Romanian Economy

The world economy is under recession. The strong financial turbulences, the collapses of the main stock exchanges with global extension, the global real estate crises and alimentary problems represent the signs of a fundamental correction within the global economy. To tackle the unprecedented economic storm, governments across the world have been spending trillions of dollars on economic stimulus packages to combat the recession, prompting a debate about how eventually to unwind this support. Removing the stimulus measures too soon could see economies slump again, while leaving them in place too long could risk stoking inflationary pressures. How world financial crisis manifest in Romania.financial crisis, effects, measures, external vulnerability, time to act, Romania

Active adjustment of the cervical spine during pitch production compensates for shape: The ArtiVarK study

The anterior lordosis of the cervical spine is thought to contribute to pitch (fo) production by influencing cricoid rotation as a function of larynx height. This study examines the matter of inter-individual variation in cervical spine shape and whether this has an influence on how fo is produced along increasing or decreasing scales, using the ArtiVarK dataset, which contains real-time MRI pitch production data. We find that the cervical spine actively participates in fo production, but the amount of displacement depends on individual shape. In general, anterior spine motion (tending toward cervical lordosis) occurs for low fo, while posterior movement (tending towards cervical kyphosis) occurs for high fo

Financial Crisis Effects on Romanian Economy

The world economy is under recession. The strong financial turbulences, thecollapses of the main stock exchanges with global extension, the global realestate crises and alimentary problems represent the signs of a fundamentalcorrection within the global economy. To tackle the unprecedented economicstorm, governments across the world have been spending trillions of dollars oneconomic stimulus packages to combat the recession, prompting a debate abouthow eventually to unwind this support. Removing the stimulus measures toosoon could see economies slump again, while leaving them in place too longcould risk stoking inflationary pressures. How world financial crisis manifest inRomania

Are Languages Really Independent from Genes? If Not, WhatWould a Genetic Bias Affecting Language Diversity Look Like?

It is generally accepted that the relationship between human genes and language is very complex and multifaceted. This has its roots in the “regular” complexity governing the interplay among genes and between genes and environment for most phenotypes, but with the added layer of supraontogenetic and supra-individual processes defining culture. At the coarsest level, focusing on the species, it is clear that human-specific—but not necessarily faculty-specific—genetic factors subtend our capacity for language and a currently very productive research program is aiming at uncovering them. At the other end of the spectrum, it is uncontroversial that individual-level variations in different aspects related to speech and language have an important genetic component and their discovery and detailed characterization have already started to revolutionize the way we think about human nature. However, at the intermediate, glossogenetic/population level, the relationship becomes controversial, partly due to deeply ingrained beliefs about language acquisition and universality and partly because of confusions with a different type of genelanguages correlation due to shared history. Nevertheless, conceptual, mathematical and computational models—and, recently, experimental evidence from artificial languages and songbirds—have repeatedly shown that genetic biases affecting the acquisition or processing of aspects of language and speech can be amplified by population-level intergenerational cultural processes and made manifest either as fixed “universal” properties of language or as structured linguistic diversity. Here, I review several such models as well as the recently proposed case of a causal relationship between the distribution of tone languages and two genes related to brain growth and development, ASPM and Microcephalin, and I discuss the relevance of such genetic biasing for language evolution, change, and diversity

Ultraviolet light affects the color vocabulary: evidence from 834 languages

[eng] It has been suggested that people living in regions with a high incidence of ultraviolet light, particularly in the B band (UV-B), suffer a phototoxic effect during their lifetime. This effect, known as lens brunescence, negatively impacts the perception of visible light in the 'blue' part of the spectrum, which, in turn, reduces the probability that the lexicon of languages spoken in such regions contains a word specifically denoting 'blue.' This hypothesis has been recently tested using a database of 142 unique populations/languages using advanced statistical methods, finding strong support. Here, this database is extended to 834 unique populations/languages in many more language families (155 vs. 32) and with a much better geographical spread, ensuring a much better representativity of the present-day linguistic diversity. Applying similar statistical methods, supplemented with novel piecewise and latent variable Structural Equation Models and phylogenetic methods made possible by the much denser sampling of large language families, found strong support for the original hypothesis, namely that there is a negative linear effect of UV-B incidence on the probability that a language has a specific word for 'blue.' Such extensions are essential steps in the scientific process and, in this particular case, help increase our confidence in the proposal that the environment (here, UV-B incidence) affects language (here, the color lexicon) through its individual-level physiological effects (lifetime exposure and lens brunescence) amplified by the repeated use and transmission of language across generations

COMPETITION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) AND MARKETING

Knowledge management has become, in recent years, a starting point for those that deal with business strategies, providing the opportunity to achieve competitive advantage and a great long-term increase of the organizational efficiency. The formation of a knowledge strategy appropriate to the economic realities enables organizations, whatever their nature, not only to survive but also in their future development. On a practical level it can be said that knowledge management works like an organization inside the other organizations. The competitiveness of implementation of the knowledge management and marketing strategy is currently, and in the future, one of the viable ways by which the maximum efficiency can mobilize resources in order to meet the full needs of individuals, communities and of the whole society. This approach may be a modern solution of knowledge and prevention of economic risk under its various forms, but also a performance guarantee in an activity. The purpose of this approach is to present a number of characteristics in a synthetic manner of knowledge management, bringing attention to the concept of adaptive management and the influences and intersections that are found in relation to the marketing process in the organizational environment.knowledge management, adaptive management, information, marketing implementation, dissemination, collaborative education, organizational environment

Causal correlations between genes and linguistic features: The mechanism of gradual language evolution

The causal correlations between human genetic variants and linguistic (typological) features could represent the mechanism required for gradual, accretionary models of language evolution. The causal link is mediated by the process of cultural transmission of language across generations in a population of genetically biased individuals. The particular case of Tone, ASPM and Microcephalin is discussed as an illustration. It is proposed that this type of genetically-influenced linguistic bias, coupled with a fundamental role for genetic and linguistic diversities, provides a better explanation for the evolution of language and linguistic universals