Disabling practices

Following Foucault’s theory of discourse this article aims at reformulating the established concept of disability. To this end, the author reconstructs ways in which disabling practices of subjectivation occur in and through public media discourses. The article focuses on the discoursive production of infantile identities in people with cognitive disabilities. The examples demonstrate that this discoursive production occurs in self-representational media formats and in outside media representations. Hence, the author develops a concept of disability as a discoursively produced ordering category, from which follows a reformulation of the disability concept. This reformulated concept, which grasps disability as discourse disability, allows in turn for a perspective on disability as practice and thus as independent from the subject. To conclude, the article discusses implications of such a perspective of disability for pedagogy and the social sciences, ultimately arguing for a broader definition of disability and for making respective benefits a matter of social pedagogy

Avaliação morfológica da união entre adesivo/resina composta e dentina irradiada com laser Er:YAG e laser Nd:YAG: estudo comparativo por microscopia de varredura Morphological evaluation of the bonding between adhesive/composite resin and dentin irradiated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers: comparative study using scanning microscopy

Desde a introdução de sistemas adesivos nos procedimentos restauradores com materiais estéticos, tem-se estudado de forma abrangente o tipo de tratamento na superfície dentinária para se consagrar uma técnica ideal. A utilização do ácido fosfórico a 37% sobre a dentina é atualmente ainda o método que mais se domina em termos de adesividade. Porém, métodos de tratamento alternativos, na dentina, têm sido discutidos na literatura, entre eles a aplicação de alguns tipos de irradiação a laser. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar morfologicamente a união adesivo/resina composta e dentina irradiada com laser Er:YAG e laser Nd:YAG num estudo comparativo por microscopia de varredura, utilizados em substituição ao condicionamento ácido ou associados ao mesmo. Foram utilizados dentes bovinos recém-extraídos, que receberam um preparo de cavidade de classe V, e restauração com sistema adesivo e resina composta fotoativada. Como variantes alguns deles receberam o tratamento prévio de irradiação com laser Er:YAG e outros de irradiação com laser Nd:YAG, à aplicação do agente adesivo e da resina composta. As amostras foram seccionadas, preparadas para microscopia de varredura e submetidas a uma análise morfológica, e foram feitos os registros por meio de fotomicrografias. Com base nessas observações microscópicas, concluímos que somente no tratamento da superfície da dentina com laser Er:YAG e condicionamento ácido houve penetração da resina na dentina. Nos tratamentos com laser Nd:YAG, houve apenas aparente superposição da resina na superfície dentinária, sugerindo que houve oclusão dos túbulos com características de fusão na dentina superficial.<br>Since bonding systems were introduced in the restorative procedures carried out with esthetic materials, the treatment of dentin surfaces has been widely studied in order to establish the ideal technique. The application of 37% phosphoric acid on dentin is still the best known method. However, alternative methods for treating the dentin surface have been discussed in the literature, including the utilization of some kinds of laser irradiation. The purpose of this research was to morphologically evaluate the bond between adhesive materials and the dentin treated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers, in a comparative study by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Irradiation either substituted acid etching, or was associated to it. Recently extracted bovine incisors were utilized. They received class V cavity preparations and were restored with a bonding system and a light-cured composite resin. Meanwhile, some of the teeth underwent irradiation with Er:YAG laser or Nd:YAG laser before the application of the bonding agent and the composite resin. The samples were selected, prepared for SEM and submitted to morphological analysis. Data were registered in photomicrographs. Based on the microscopic observations, we concluded that only in the dentin surfaces submitted to irradiation with Er:YAG laser and to acid conditioning there was penetration of resin into the dentine. With the Nd:YAG laser treatment, there was only visual superposition of resin over the dentin surface, which suggests that there was only occlusion of the tubules, with characteristics of fusion in the superficial dentine