Effect of Pharmacist Presence to Pharmaceutical Service at Pharmacies of Padang City, Indonesia)

Standard pharmacy services is measure used especially in implementing pharmacist pharmacy services. This study examines effect of presence of Pharmacists to pharmacy services, is crosssectional study using questionnaires in February - August2015. The research sample 90 Pharmacists in pharmacies taken random. results Showed the percentage of the presence of the pharmacist in the pharmacy Padang city 58.67% and Pharmaceutical Services Categorized less (inspection recipe 57.06%, 55.12% prescription preparation, and delivery prescriptions 51.89%) with average percentage 54,69%. Linear regression analysis of test results can be known effect X on Y positive. Testing shows the product moment correlation coefficient X to Y Strong where: r=0.910, in testing the coefficient of determination shows X higher influence on Y equal to 82.8% and 17.2% influenced other factors. Based on the F test 422,579 with significance of 0.000. Due significant levels <0.05, can concluded that the presence of Pharmacists have influence on Pharmaceutical Services

Friedelin, a Triterpenoid Pentacyclic from the leaves of Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f. (Guttiferae)

Kajian kimia daun Bitanggur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f.) menghasilkan triterpenoid cincin lima friedelin (I). Penetapan struktur senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan dengan data-data spektroskopi seperti spektrofotometer inframerah, 1H dan 13C RMI dan spektroskopi masa. Keyword: Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f. , Guttiferae, pentacyclic triterpenoid, friedelin

Isolasi Senyawa Depside-Depsodone dari Lichen Sumatera (Stereocaulon halei) dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba serta Anti Tuberkulosis

Investigasi fitokimia dari Lichen Sumatera (Stereocalon halei Lamb) yang dikoleksi di Gunung Singgalang, Sumatera Barat telah dilakukan. Depsid, atranorin dan depsidon, asam lobarat dapat diisolasi dan dipurifikasi secara singkat dari ekstrak etil asetat (15,88 g) masing-masing sebanyak 4,6 g dan 1,18 g. Penentuan struktur dari dua senyawa hasil isolasi diidentifikasi menggunakan 1H dan 13C RMI. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian anti mikroba dari setiap ekstrak dan isolat hasil isolasi menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Gram positif (S. aureus, E. faecalis) dan bakteri gram negatif (E. coli, S. thyphosa, S. typhimurium dan P. aureginosa). Pada pengujian anti tuberkulosis, masing-masing ekstrak dan senyawa hasil isolasi memperlihatkan hambatan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri M.tuberculosis H37Rv menggunakan media Lowenstein Jensen. Asam lobarat dan atranorin memberikan aktivitas yang besar dalam menghambat bakteri S. aureus dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) 0,0125%, sedangkan terhadap M. tuberculosis H37Rv keduanya memiliki KHM 5 μg/ mL.Phytochemical investigation of Sumatran Lichen (Stereocaulon halei Lamb) harvested in Singgalang mountain, West Sumatera, has been done. Depside, atranorin and depsidon, lobaric acid were rapidly isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract (15.88 g) yielded 4.6 g and 1.18 g, respectively. The structures of the two compounds were identified by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Further each extracts and isolated compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, E. faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, S. thyphosa, S. Typhimurium and P. aureginosa). Antituberculosis activity of each extracted and isolated compounds showed on growth inhibition of M. tuberculosis H37Rv by means of Lowenstein Jensen medium. Lobaric acid and atranorin showed maximum activity against S. aureus and M. tuberculosis H37Rv bacteria with MIC 0.0125% and 5 μg/ mL, respectivel

Friedelin, a Triterpenoid Pentacyclic from the Leaves of Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f. (Guttiferae)

Kajian kimia daun Bitanggur (Calophyllum soulatri Burm.f.) menghasilkan triterpenoid cincin lima friedelin (I). Penetapan struktur senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan dengan data-data spektroskopi seperti spektrofotometer inframerah, 1H dan 13C RMI dan spektroskopi masa

Friedelin, a Triterpenoid Pentacyclic from the Leaves of Calophyilum soulottri Burm.f. (Guttiferae)

Kajian kimia daun Bitanggur (Calophyllum soulatri Burm.f.) menghasilkan triterpenoid cincin lima friedelin (I). penetapan struktur senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan dengan data-data spektroskopi seperti spektrofotometer inframerah, 1H dan 13C RMI dan spektoskopi masa. Keywords : Calophyllum soulattr I Burm.f., Guttiferae, pentacyclic triterpenoid, friedeli

Skrining Dan Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Endofit Untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Pada Bawang Merah

Screening and identification of endophytic bacteria to control bacterial leaf blight disease on Shallot. The experiment was conducted in Laboratory and Green House, from January to June 2012. Laboratory experiment consisted of three steps: (1) isolation of endophytic bacteria from healthy onion roots, (2)In planta /screening of endophytic isolates capable of reducing bacterial leaf blight disease, and (3) molecular identification of potential endophytic isolates. Treatments of in planta test were arranged in Completely Randomized Design. Collected isolates were tested for their capability in controlling bacterial leaf blight disease on shallot. The variables observed were disease incidence, disease severity, and shallot yield. The results showed that out of 82 isolates successfully isolated, 56 isolates (68.29%) were Gram positive, and 26 isolate (31.71%) were Gram negative. All isolates were HR negative and pathogenicity negative. Six endophytic isolates showed better performance in inducing resistance and increasing onion yield. Based on 16S rRNA sequence the six isolates were Bacillus cereus strain P14 , Bacillus cereus strain Se07, Bacillus sp H1, Bacillus sp SJ1 and Serratia marcescens strain PPM4

Histological analyses of orthodontic force in Cavia porcellus: Comparison between immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin.

Context: Histological quantification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts can evaluate biological responses to orthodontic tooth movement. Histological analysis of bone samples can be technically challenging. Aims: To evaluate the differences between hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in quantifying osteoblast and osteoclast cells following the application of static orthodontic force. Methods: Orthodontic force was applied using a rubber separator around the maxilla incisor of Cavia porcellus. Tooth samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, 14, 21, and 28 days after applying orthodontic force. HE and IHC staining quantify osteoblast and osteoclast cells in the alveolar bone. IHC staining, i.e., Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, was used to identify osteoclasts, and osteocalcin (OCN) staining was used to identify osteoblasts. Results: Significantly higher numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were observed with IHC compared to HE staining (p<0.05). Significant positive linear correlations in the numbers of osteoclasts (r = 0.757) and osteoblasts (r = 0.622) identified were observed between IHC and HE staining. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate HE staining may represent an acceptable alternative method of quantifying osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the preliminary research of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)