Weak and strong solutions of equations of compressible magnetohydrodynamics

International audienceThis article proposes a review of the analysis of the system of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). First, we give an account of the modelling asumptions. Then, the results of existence of weak solutions, using the notion of renormalized solutions. Then, existence of strong solutions in the neighbourhood of equilibrium states is reviewed, in particular with the method of Kawashima and Shizuta. Finally, the special case of dimension one is highlighted : the use of Lagrangian coordinates gives a simpler system, which is solved by standard techniques

The differential diagnosis of children with joint hypermobility: a review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this study we aimed to identify and review publications relating to the diagnosis of joint hypermobility and instability and develop an evidence based approach to the diagnosis of children presenting with joint hypermobility and related symptoms.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched Medline for papers with an emphasis on the diagnosis of joint hypermobility, including Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue (HDCT).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>3330 papers were identified: 1534 pertained to instability of a particular joint; 1666 related to the diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos syndromes and 330 related to joint hypermobility.</p> <p>There are inconsistencies in the literature on joint hypermobility and how it relates to and overlaps with milder forms of HDCT. There is no reliable method of differentiating between Joint Hypermobility Syndrome, familial articular hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hypermobile type), suggesting these three disorders may be different manifestations of the same spectrum of disorders. We describe our approach to children presenting with joint hypermobility and the published evidence and expert opinion on which this is based.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is value in identifying both the underlying genetic cause of joint hypermobility in an individual child and those hypermobile children who have symptoms such as pain and fatigue and might benefit from multidisciplinary rehabilitation management.</p> <p>Every effort should be made to diagnose the underlying disorder responsible for joint hypermobility which may only become apparent over time. We recommend that the term "Joint Hypermobility Syndrome" is used for children with symptomatic joint hypermobility resulting from any underlying HDCT and that these children are best described using <b>both </b>the term Joint Hypermobility Syndrome <b>and </b>their HDCT diagnosis.</p

The links between Generalized Joint Laxity and the incidence, prevalence and severity of limb injuries related to physical exercise: a systematic literature review

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Generalized Joint Laxity (GJL) is a significant risk factor for lower limb injury incidence and prevalence in sporting populations. However, the links with upper limb injury and injury severity in a wider population of people undertaking physical exercise have not been systematically reviewed to date. Objectives: The primary aim was to determine the links between GJL and the incidence, prevalence and severity of upper and lower limb injuries related to physical exercise. Secondary aims were to identify the quality of the existing research evidence and gaps within the literature that may warrant future research. Methods: Relevant literature was identified using online databases (SportDiscus, Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE OVID) and snowballing. Research papers with a primary aim of identifying a link between GJL and upper and lower limb injury incidence, prevalence and/or severity were included. The population of interest was those undertaking physical exercise, not limited to sport. Included papers were critically appraised and a narrative synthesis conducted. Results: A total of 274 studies were identified. Following application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine papers were selected for critical appraisal that investigated the link between GJL and the incidence, prevalence and/or severity of limb injuries. The link between GJL and lower limb injury incidence and prevalence was supported across numerous types of physical exercise. However, the links between GJL and upper limb injury, and injury severity was inconclusive. Conclusions: GJL is associated with increased lower limb injury incidence and prevalence. Future research should investigate the links between GJL, upper limb injury and injury severity