4,293 research outputs found

    Effect of Combination Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 , and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Fracture Risk in Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

    Get PDF
    Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association of elevated plasma homocysteine levels with greater bone resorption and fracture risk. Vitamins B12 , B6 , and folic acid are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and supplementation with B vitamins is effective in lowering homocysteine levels in humans. However, randomized trials of supplemental B vitamins for reduction of fracture risk have been limited. Therefore, we performed an ancillary study to the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS), a large randomized trial of women with preexisting cardiovascular disease or three or more coronary risk factors, to test whether a daily B vitamin intervention including folic acid (2.5 mg/day), vitamin B6 (50 mg/day), and vitamin B12 (1 mg/day) reduces nonspine fracture risk over 7.3 years of treatment and follow-up. Among 4810 women, we confirmed 349 nonspine fracture cases by centralized review of medical records. In a substudy of 300 women (150 in treatment group and 150 controls) with paired plasma samples at randomization and follow-up (7.3 years later), we measured two bone turnover markers, including C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and intact type I procollagen N-propeptide (P1NP). In Cox proportional hazards models based on intention-to-treat, we found no significant effects of B vitamin supplementation on nonspine fracture risk (relative hazard = 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.34). In a nested case-cohort analysis, there were no significant effects of B vitamins on fracture risk among women with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, or low levels of vitamins B12 or B6 , or folate at baseline. Furthermore, treatment with B vitamins had no effect on change in markers of bone turnover. We found no evidence that daily supplementation with B vitamins reduces fracture risk or rates of bone metabolism in middle-aged and older women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

    Indiana Interstate Speed Profiles 2018–2022

    Get PDF
    Systemwide interstate performance measures that detail hours and location of congestion on an interstate provide important information for decision makers to plan capital projects and assess operations. This report presents summary of mile-hours of congestion across 8 Indiana interstates and the Indiana toll road. Hours of operation by speed bins (0 to 14 mph, 15 mph to 24 mph, 25 mph to 34 mph, 35 mph to 44 mph, 45 mph to 54 mph, 55 mph to 64 mph, more than 65 mph) for every 0.1 mile of the interstates across a month were tabulated for every hour of every day during the month. The quantities of those six different speed bins are plotted as a stacked bar plot from lower to higher speeds by mile marker for each month. The vertical axis shows the mile marker of the interstate. Horizontally, these stacked bars are cropped at maximum of 250 hours (a little more than 10 days) per month to focus on the lower speeds. To produce these plots, approximately 60 billion records from INRIX across 5 years were analyzed. These speed profiles help identify areas with congestion at system level as well as regions impacted by severe winter storms and construction projects

    Real-Time Probe Data Dashboard for Monitoring Detour Route during I-65 N Road Closure

    Get PDF
    On August 7, 2015, a 37 mile stretch of I-65 N from MM 141 to 178 was closed due to a structural evaluation of a bridge. Traffic was detoured onto US-52, SR-26, and US-231 before returning to the highway. In order to monitor delay and congestion on the detour route, a real-time dashboard was implemented in the style of the interstate Traffic Ticker. Throughout the detour, this website was used to monitor congestion in real time and measure the impact of mitigation actions. The improvement in travel can be seen from the addition of temporary signals, retiming of the US-231 corridor, and conversion of US-231 and SR-18 to a two-way stop

    Virological and molecular characterization of a simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding the envelope and reverse transcriptase genes from HIV-1

    Get PDF
    Simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding both reverse transcriptase (RT) and envelope genes of HIV-1 (RT Env SHIV) is important for evaluating biomedical prevention modalities for HIV/AIDS. We describe virological characterization of a clade B RT Env SHIV following infection of macaques via multiple routes. In vivo passage of the RT Env SHIV through Indian rhesus macaque enhanced infectivity. Expanded virus had minimal envelope heterogeneity and was inhibited by NNRTIs and CCR5 antagonists. Infection of macaques with RT Env SHIV via mucosal or intravenous routes resulted in stable infection accompanied by peak plasma viremia of approximately 5×10 6 copies/ml that was controlled beyond set point. Molecular homogeneity of the virus was maintained following in vivo passage. Inhibition of RT Env SHIV by RT and entry inhibitors and ease of in vivo transmission make it a useful model for testing the efficacy of combinations of entry and RT inhibitors in nonhuman primates. © 2012 Elsevier Inc

    The social norms of birth cohorts and adolescent marijuana use in the United States, 1976–2007

    Full text link
    Aims  Studies of the relationship between social norms and marijuana use have generally focused on individual attitudes, leaving the influence of larger societal‐level attitudes unknown. The present study investigated societal‐level disapproval of marijuana use defined by birth cohort or by time‐period. Design  Combined analysis of nationally representative annual surveys of secondary school students in the United States conducted from 1976 to 2007 as part of the Monitoring the Future study. Setting  In‐school surveys completed by adolescents in the United States. Participants  A total of 986 003 adolescents in grades 8, 10 and 12. Measurements  Main predictors included the percentage of students who disapproved of marijuana in each birth cohort and time‐period. Multi‐level models with individuals clustered in time‐periods of observation and birth cohorts were modeled, with past‐year marijuana use as the outcome. Findings  Results indicated a significant and strong effect of birth cohort disapproval of marijuana use in predicting individual risk of marijuana use, after controlling for individual‐level disapproval, perceived norms towards marijuana and other characteristics. Compared to birth cohorts in which most (87–90.9%) adolescents disapproved of marijuana use, odds of marijuana use were 3.53 times higher in cohorts where fewer than half (42–46.9%) disapproved (99% confidence interval: 2.75, 4.53). Conclusions  Individuals in birth cohorts that are more disapproving of marijuana use are less likely to use, independent of their personal attitudes towards marijuana use. Social norms and attitudes regarding marijuana use cluster in birth cohorts, and this clustering has a direct effect on marijuana use even after controlling for individual attitudes and perceptions of norms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86928/1/j.1360-0443.2011.03485.x.pd

    Risk factors for liposomal bupivacaine resistance after total hip or knee arthroplasties: A retrospective observational cohort in 237 patients

    Get PDF
    Purpose: Liposomal bupivacaine demonstrated promise decreasing postoperative pain in total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Some randomized trials have shown non-superior results; however, confounding variables were not accounted for in such analyses. This study attempts to determine risk factors associated with failure of pain management in patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine. Methods: Postoperative pain scores were collected following primary or revision arthroplasties between January 2016 and December 2017. Retrospective analysis of institutional total joint quality and outcomes registry was screened and patients undergoing primary or revision arthroplasties who completed a multi-modal pain management including liposomal bupivacaine were included in the study. Patients with a history of infection/deviated from the institutional pain management protocol were excluded. Results: A total of 237 patients were included for analysis. Younger patients less than 64 years old had significantly higher pain scores between 0 and 12 h and \u3e 24 h. Active smokers had significantly higher pain scores between 0 and 6 h and \u3e 24 h. Patients with a history of opioid use/pain management had significantly higher pain scores at 6-12 h and 24-48 h. Regression analysis indicated risk factors for resistance to liposomal bupivacaine are younger patients less than 64 years old, those undergoing primary THA, and patients with a history of smoking/pain management/opioid use. Conclusion: We identify risk factors for resistance to liposomal bupivacaine, which include younger age less than 64 years old, history of smoking/pain management/opioid use. Future studies should use these risk factors as exclusion criteria when using liposomal bupivacaine or initiating any randomized trials regarding efficacy

    Genomic copy number variation association study in Caucasian patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism

    Get PDF
    Copy number variation (CNV) is a potential contributing factor to many genetic diseases. Here we investigated the potential association of CNV with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism, the most common male congenital genitourinary defect, in a Caucasian population

    Connected Vehicle-Centric Dashboards for TMC of the Future

    Get PDF
    The adoption of dashboards and tools into Traffic Management Centers (TMC) has been growing with advancements in connected vehicle (CV) data. These tools are now being utilized—not only for analyzing work zones, severe crashes, winter operations, and traffic signals—but also to provide measures for characterizing overall system mobility, resiliency, and after-action assessments. Previous studies have extended the concepts to include the enhanced trajectory-based CV data into dashboards that aid agencies in assessing and managing roadways. This study presents the extension of these tools that further improve the value and insights provided. It also highlights the evolution of CV data in Indiana. CV data in Indiana has grown to over 364 billion statewide records. Average overall penetration rate of CV data on interstates has increased to 6.32% in May 2022 with trucks accounting for 1.7%. Sections of this study also present the impact of rain intensity on interstate traffic and incorporation of such weather data into heatmap and other tools. Updates to existing dashboards and a summary of newly developed dashboards are synopsized in this report. Finally, this report presents a case study that highlights the use of these tools to assess and analyze the impact of tornadoes on interstate traffic in Indiana. As interest in these tools has grown, this project facilitated continued improvements and added features to meet the needs of INDOT and their partners

    State Medical Marijuana Laws and the Prevalence of Opioids Detected Among Fatally Injured Drivers

    Get PDF
    Objectives. To assess the association between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and the odds of a positive opioid test, an indicator for prior use. Methods. We analyzed 1999–2013 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 18 states that tested for alcohol and other drugs in at least 80% of drivers who died within 1 hour of crashing (n = 68 394). Within-state and between-state comparisons assessed opioid positivity among drivers crashing in states with an operational MML (i.e., allowances for home cultivation or active dispensaries) versus drivers crashing in states before a future MML was operational. Results. State-specific estimates indicated a reduction in opioid positivity for most states after implementation of an operational MML, although none of these estimates were significant. When we combined states, we observed no significant overall association (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61, 1.03). However, age-stratified analyses indicated a significant reduction in opioid positivity for drivers aged 21 to 40 years (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.67; interaction P < .001). Conclusions. Operational MMLs are associated with reductions in opioid positivity among 21- to 40-year-old fatally injured drivers and may reduce opioid use and overdose
    corecore