Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Dual Stimuli-Responsive, Rechargeable Micropumps <i>via</i> “Host–Guest” Interactions

We demonstrate a supramolecular approach to the fabrication of self-powered micropumps based on “host–guest” molecular recognition between α- and β-cyclodextrin and <i>trans</i>-azobenzene. Both hydrogels and surface coatings based on host–guest partners were used as scaffolds to devise the micropumps. These soft micropumps are dual stimuli-responsive and can be actuated either by light or by introducing guest molecules. Furthermore, the micropumps can be recharged through reversible host–guest interaction

Intact ER stress response in S1P<i>^cko</i> chondrocytes.

<p>(<b>A</b>) RNA from the chondroepiphyseal cartilage of E16.5 WT (lane 1) and S1P<i>^cko</i> (lane 2) used in microarray analysis were converted to cDNA and amplified by XBP-1 PCR primers to identify spliced (s) XBP-1 mRNA in a 4.8% polyacrylamide gel. (<b>B</b>) XBP-1 was amplified by PCR using XBP-1 PCR primers 3S and 12AS with cDNA derived from E16.5 WT (lanes 1, 3, 5) and S1P<i>^cko</i> (lanes 2, 4, 6) epiphyseal cartilage RNA and the PCR product restriction digested with <i>Pst</i>I which selectively cuts the un-spliced (u) XBP-1 mRNA, and the resulting products visualized in a 2% agarose gel. In lanes 1 and 2, the cDNA used are from the same embryos used in (<b>A</b>) and for genome-wide expression profiling. Each lane in lanes 3–6 show analyses from RNA pooled from the chondroepiphysis of two different embryos. Thus a total of five WT and five S1P<i>^cko</i> embryos were analyzed. The inverse of the gels are shown in both (<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) to enhance visualization of spliced XBP-1 mRNA. (<b>C–F</b>) Expression signaling for two ATF6-driven genes, BiP and Sdf2l1, as seen by in situ hybridization analyses in WT and S1P<i>^cko</i> cartilage. BiP expression is seen in the ulna, carpal, and metacarpal regions in E16.5 WT (<b>C</b>) and S1P<i>^cko</i> (<b>D</b>) forelimbs. Sdf2l1 expression is seen in the femur of E15.5 WT (<b>E</b>) and S1P<i>^cko</i> (<b>F</b>). Bar: 10 µm. (<b>G</b>) A scatter plot generated from quantitative real-time PCR analysis in the murine UPR RT² Profiler PCR Array system comparing the relative expression of 84 genes between WT and S1P<i>^cko</i> chondrocytes. A log transformation plot is shown in which the relative gene expression level of each gene (2^-ΔCt) in WT is plotted against the corresponding value in S1P<i>^cko</i> to indicate fold changes (2^-ΔΔCt). The black line indicates no fold change (fold change of 1). The pink lines indicate a fold change of 2 (gene expression threshold). All genes within these two lines are considered to be similar in expression to WT. Only Ddit3 or Insig-1 were significantly differentially expressed among the 84 genes profiled. A total of four WT and four S1P<i>^cko</i> embryos were profiled.</p

Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of genes down-regulated in S1P<i>^cko</i> chondrocytes when compared to WT littermates.

<p>RNA was harvested and pooled from the chondroepiphyseal cartilage of five E16.5 S1P<i>^cko</i> or five E16.5 WT embryos.</p

Normal endochondral bone development and Col II deposition in <i>Scd1</i>−/− mice.

<p>(<b>A, B</b>) Sections of E15.5 humerus were stained with Safranin O, Fast green, and hematoxylin showing normal onset of endochondral bone development in <i>Scd1</i>−/− mice. (<b>C–F</b>) Double-labeled immunofluorescence analyzing Col II deposition in <i>Scd1</i>−/− mice using IIF and IIA antibodies. Colors represent antibody localizations as follows: green, Col IIA (IIA antibody); red, Col II THD (IIF antibody); yellow, colocalization of both antibodies; blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. Panels <b>C</b> and <b>D</b> show the matrix around early immature chondrocytes in the resting zone; panels <b>E</b> and <b>F</b> show the matrix around mature columnar chondrocytes in the proliferative zone. Bar: (A, B): 500 µm; (C–F): 50 µm.</p