16 research outputs found
Generative AI-driven Semantic Communication Framework for NextG Wireless Network
This work designs a novel semantic communication (SemCom) framework for the
next-generation wireless network to tackle the challenges of unnecessary
transmission of vast amounts that cause high bandwidth consumption, more
latency, and experience with bad quality of services (QoS). In particular,
these challenges hinder applications like intelligent transportation systems
(ITS), metaverse, mixed reality, and the Internet of Everything, where
real-time and efficient data transmission is paramount. Therefore, to reduce
communication overhead and maintain the QoS of emerging applications such as
metaverse, ITS, and digital twin creation, this work proposes a novel semantic
communication framework. First, an intelligent semantic transmitter is designed
to capture the meaningful information (e.g., the rode-side image in ITS) by
designing a domain-specific Mobile Segment Anything Model (MSAM)-based
mechanism to reduce the potential communication traffic while QoS remains
intact. Second, the concept of generative AI is introduced for building the
SemCom to reconstruct and denoise the received semantic data frame at the
receiver end. In particular, the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) mechanism
is designed to maintain a superior quality reconstruction under different
signal-to-noise (SNR) channel conditions. Finally, we have tested and evaluated
the proposed semantic communication (SemCom) framework with the real-world 6G
scenario of ITS; in particular, the base station equipped with an RGB camera
and a mmWave phased array. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the
proposed SemCom framework by achieving high-quality reconstruction across
various SNR channel conditions, resulting in 93.45% data reduction in
communication
The Development and Deployment of an Online Exam System A Web Application
The rapid advancements in computer technology and the internetâs acceptance in every aspect of our lives, particularly in recent years, have made students and instructors vital in the teaching and learning sector. Web-based studies have also brought about advances in the education area, and numerous applications have become widespread in this field. In this paper, we suggested an online test multiple-choice question assessment system for students called the Online Exam System (OES). This system may be used by any university, college, or institution that has a computerized education system. The OES can be used by teachers to administer quizzes. The system will calculate the participantâs performance based on his response, and the following question will be created based on the participantâs performance. After the examination, the system will display the results and offer feedback based on the participantâs request. Administrative control over the entire system is available. A teacher has authority over the question bank and is responsible for creating test schedules. Therefore, the project will be very helpful for the beginner and mid-level programming learners. And also, will give a proper guideline to the students who are willing to learn programming and introduce the users with competitive programming and problem-solving skills
Safeguarding humanâwildlife cooperation
Humanâwildlife cooperation occurs when humans and free-living wild animals actively coordinate their behavior to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. These interactions provide important benefits to both the human and wildlife communities involved, have wider impacts on the local ecosystem, and represent a unique intersection of human and animal cultures. The remaining active forms are humanâhoneyguide and humanâdolphin cooperation, but these are at risk of joining several inactive forms (including humanâwolf and humanâorca cooperation). Humanâwildlife cooperation faces a unique set of conservation challenges, as it requires multiple componentsâa motivated human and wildlife partner, a suitable environment, and compatible interspecies knowledgeâwhich face threats from ecological and cultural changes. To safeguard humanâwildlife cooperation, we recommend: (i) establishing ethically sound conservation strategies together with the participating human communities; (ii) conserving opportunities for human and wildlife participation; (iii) protecting suitable environments; (iv) facilitating cultural transmission of traditional knowledge; (v) accessibly archiving Indigenous and scientific knowledge; and (vi) conducting long-term empirical studies to better understand these interactions and identify threats. Tailored safeguarding plans are therefore necessary to protect these diverse and irreplaceable interactions. Broadly, our review highlights that efforts to conserve biological and cultural diversity should carefully consider interactions between human and animal cultures.
Please see AfricanHoneyguides.com/abstract-translations for Kiswahili and Portuguese translations of the abstract
Safeguarding humanâwildlife cooperation
Humanâwildlife cooperation occurs when humans and free-living wild animals actively coordinate their behavior to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. These interactions provide important benefits to both the human and wildlife communities involved, have wider impacts on the local ecosystem, and represent a unique intersection of human and animal cultures. The remaining active forms are humanâhoneyguide and humanâdolphin cooperation, but these are at risk of joining several inactive forms (including humanâwolf and humanâorca cooperation). Humanâwildlife cooperation faces a unique set of conservation challenges, as it requires multiple componentsâa motivated human and wildlife partner, a suitable environment, and compatible interspecies knowledgeâwhich face threats from ecological and cultural changes. To safeguard humanâwildlife cooperation, we recommend: (i) establishing ethically sound conservation strategies together with the participating human communities; (ii) conserving opportunities for human and wildlife participation; (iii) protecting suitable environments; (iv) facilitating cultural transmission of traditional knowledge; (v) accessibly archiving Indigenous and scientific knowledge; and (vi) conducting long-term empirical studies to better understand these interactions and identify threats. Tailored safeguarding plans are therefore necessary to protect these diverse and irreplaceable interactions. Broadly, our review highlights that efforts to conserve biological and cultural diversity should carefully consider interactions between human and animal cultures
âSufferings Start from the Mothersâ Wombâ: Vulnerabilities and Livelihood War of the Small-Scale Fishers of Bangladesh
Due to its deltaic geographical position and precarious socioeconomic and demographic conditions, Bangladesh is recognized worldwide for its exposure to recurring environmental hazards. Based on a 21-month long field study in two fishing villages that are characterized by distinct ecological settings and ethnic groups, this article examines the arrays of cross-scale environmental, social and institutional stressors that singly or cumulatively impact fishersâ livelihood well-being and generational poverty. Analysis of the vulnerabilities makes it clear that the degree to which poor fishers suffer from environmental stressors and calamities is determined not only by the frequency of abnormal events, but also by their internal capabilities of self-protection, resilience against those stressors, position in the social network and asset and resource ownership. Coastal and floodplain fishers identified cyclone and long-standing floods as strong drivers of poverty as their bundles of âsafety netâ capital are usually disrupted or lost. For a majority of the fishers, income/day/family declines to as low as US$ 0.7â0.9. Fishers lack appropriate sets of endowments and entitlements that would allow them immediate buffer against livelihood stressors. Vulnerability here is intricately related to oneâs socio-economic status; poor and âsocially vulnerableâ ethnic fishers are concurrently âbiologically vulnerableâ too. The corollary of multi-faceted stressors is that, poverty persists as an ever-increasing haunting presence that thousands of floodplain and coastal fishers of Bangladesh are forced to cope with. It is evident that nature-induced stressors exert âratchet effectsâ on fishers with low endowments who critically risk nutritional deprivation and social standing. Lucidly, most of the fishers are trapped in a form of âlivelihood warâ
âSufferings Start from the Mothersâ Wombâ : Vulnerabilities and Livelihood War of the Small-Scale Fishers of Bangladesh
Due to its deltaic geographical position and precarious socioeconomic and demographic conditions, Bangladesh is recognized worldwide for its exposure to recurring environmental hazards. Based on a 21-month long field study in two fishing villages that are characterized by distinct ecological settings and ethnic groups, this article examines the arrays of cross-scale environmental, social and institutional stressors that singly or cumulatively impact fishersâ livelihood well-being and generational poverty. Analysis of the vulnerabilities makes it clear that the degree to which poor fishers suffer from environmental stressors and calamities is determined not only by the frequency of abnormal events, but also by their internal capabilities of self-protection, resilience against those stressors, position in the social network and asset and resource ownership. Coastal and floodplain fishers identified cyclone and long-standing floods as strong drivers of poverty as their bundles of âsafety netâ capital are usually disrupted or lost. For a majority of the fishers, income/day/family declines to as low as US$ 0.7â0.9. Fishers lack appropriate sets of endowments and entitlements that would allow them immediate buffer against livelihood stressors. Vulnerability here is intricately related to oneâs socio-economic status; poor and âsocially vulnerableâ ethnic fishers are concurrently âbiologically vulnerableâ too. The corollary of multi-faceted stressors is that, poverty persists as an ever-increasing haunting presence that thousands of floodplain and coastal fishers of Bangladesh are forced to cope with. It is evident that nature-induced stressors exert âratchet effectsâ on fishers with low endowments who critically risk nutritional deprivation and social standing. Lucidly, most of the fishers are trapped in a form of â livelihood warâ.environmental vulnerability; natural calamity; livelihood well-being; livelihood war; small-scale fishing community; poverty; coping; Bangladesh
Design and analysis of performance parameters for achieving high efficient ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al organic solar cell
In this study, we designed a highly efficient ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al-based bulk heterojunction organic solar cell. We investigated the performance of various optical and electrical properties of the designed organic solar cells. We improved the power conversion efficiency by using appropriate materials in different layers of the organic solar cells and refractive index and lattice constant matching among the layers. GPVDM simulator was used for simulating various properties of the organic solar cells, such as current density, voltage density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency. Various parameters of the active layer of the organic solar cells were varied for optimization. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the thickness of the active layer and device series resistance on the improvement of the power conversion efficiency of the organic solar cells. Maximum power conversion efficiency of 16.46% with a fill factor of 74.09% was obtained for a series resistance of 15 ohms. We observed an inversely proportional relationship between power conversion efficiency and series resistance. We optimized the value of the thickness of the active layer as 75 nm while designing the organic solar cells to achieve maximum power conversion efficiency. We strongly believe that the proposed organic solar cell model will play a significant role in achieving high PCE organic solar cells