Karakteristik Struktur Generik Teks Cerpen Karya Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping

This research aims to describe the following two points. First, describe the characteristics of the generic structure of short story text of students of grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. Second, describe Error of spelling in short story text made by students of grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data discussed is qualitative data. The data were language devices in the form of written words taken from the object of research. The Sources of data in this study is short story texts of students of class XI class of 2015 SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. The instrument of this research is the researcher herself. Data were analyzed by describing, analyzing, and discussing data based on theory. The results of research are as follows. First, the researcher found 6 characteristics of short story text structure, namely abstract, orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution, and code in the writing of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. Second, there were 3 spelling mistakes found, namely the use of capital letters, the use of prepositions and affixes, and the use of punctuation pronouns, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in the writing students grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded two things. First, in writing the short story texts students of grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping has used four text structure short stories namely orientation, complication, evaluation, and resolution. It was found that from 21 short story text that have been analyzed, only 5 short story text that uses the abstract and only 5 short story text that also uses the coda. Secondly, it was also found that when viewed from the spelling mistakes in the short story text written by the students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping, the most dominant mistake were the use of capital letters and the use of punctuation

Pregnancy as public property: The experience of couples following diagnosis of a foetal anomaly

Background: Pregnant women find themselves subject to comments and questions from people in public areas. Normally, becoming ‘public property’ is considered friendly and is relatively easy for pregnant women to deal with. However, following diagnosis of a fetal anomaly, the experience of being public property can exacerbate the emotional turmoil experienced by couples.\ud \ud Original research question: What is the experience of couples who continue pregnancy following the diagnosis of a fetal anomaly? \ud \ud Method: The study used an interpretive design informed by Merleau-Ponty and this paper reports on a subset of findings. Thirty-one interviews with pregnant women and their partners were undertaken following the diagnosis of a serious or lethal fetal anomaly. Women were between 25 and 38 weeks gestation at the time of their first interview. The non-directive interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and the transcripts were thematically analysed. \ud \ud Findings: A prominent theme that emerged during data analysis was that pregnancy is embodied therefore physically evident and ‘public’. Women found it difficult to deal with being public property when the fetus had a serious or lethal anomaly. Some women avoided social situations; others did not disclose the fetal condition but gave minimal or avoidant answers to minimise distress to themselves and others. The male participants were not visibly pregnant and they could continue life in public without being subject to the public’s gaze, but they were very aware and concerned about its impact on their partner. \ud \ud Conclusion: The public tend to assume that pregnancy is normal and will produce a healthy baby. This becomes problematic for women who have a fetus with an anomaly. Women use strategies to help them cope with becoming public property during pregnancy. Midwives can play an important role in reducing the negative consequences of a woman becoming public property following the diagnosis of a fetal anomaly

Creativity Enhancement via Engineering Graphics: Conceptual Design Blending Approach

This research paper reports on an experimentally designed study that investigates whether Conceptual Design Blending (CDB), a new pedagogical approach to engineering graphics instructions, facilitates creativity in engineering graphics students. The demand for curiosity, creative thinking, and innovation is on the rise in workplace with the annual export of an estimated $30 billion in the creative industries. There is hardly any industry or field that does not promote some sort of creativity, and the field of engineering is of no different. Innovative abilities and creative motivation are regarded as essential qualities in engineering profession due to the growing scope of challenges and complexities in the 21st century technologies. Despite the increasing demand for creativity, the importance of developing and implementing creativity-enhanced curriculum is often overlooked in the traditional engineering curriculum. Traditional engineering graphics instruction requires students to replicate existing objects, drawings or models, providing little scope for preparing students to execute their own ideas. The concept of CDB is derived from existing literature on conceptual blending and bisociation. In CDB practice, students integrate features of two or more pre-existing designs to create new design. The results of the study indicate a significant effect of CDB on students’ creativity compared to conventional instruction

Assessment of the bearing-down manoeuvre in pregnancy and detection of paradoxical levator ani muscle contraction using 2D transperineal ultrasound and vaginal palpation:a concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability study

ObjectiveTo examine the concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability of vaginal palpation as a measure of the quality of the bearing-down manoeuvre (BDM) and the detection of a paradoxical levator ani muscle contraction (LAM) in pregnant women, compared with 2D transperineal ultrasound (TPUS).DesignConcurrent validity and inter-rater reliability study.SettingPhysiotherapy clinic.PopulationTwenty pregnant women in their third trimester.MethodsThe anterior posterior diameter (APD) was measured during the BDM using TPUS by one experienced physiotherapist. An APD that shortened by >2 mm from rest was described as LAM shortening, an APD that moved by 0–2 mm was described as no change and an APD that lengthened by >2 mm was described as LAM lengthening. Vaginal palpation described the LAM during the BDM as no movement, shortening or lengthening. Participants were allowed two attempts and the best attempt was measured.Main outcome measuresAPD using TPUS and the assessor's subjective description of LAM during the BDM using vaginal palpation.ResultsTPUS detected more paradoxical LAM contractions during the BDM than palpation. Agreement between vaginal palpation and TPUS assessment for BDM was poor. The Fleiss kappa coefficients were 0.457 (90% CI 0.16–0.71) between TPUS and one assessor and 0.326 (90% CI 0.01–0.6) between TPUS and the other assessor. In addition, inter-rater reliability was poor between observers palpating the BDM, with a Fleiss kappa coefficient of 0.375 (90% CI 0.13–0.64).ConclusionsThis study did not find vaginal palpation of the BDM in pregnant women to have concurrent validity or inter-rater reliability. Clinicians should be aware of potential inaccuracies when palpating the BDM, and, where possible, seek an assessment via TPUS