Corrosion inhibitors for solar heating and cooling systems

Problems dealing with corrosion and corrosion protection of solar heating and cooling systems are discussed. A test program was conducted to find suitable and effective corrosion inhibitors for systems employing either water or antifreeze solutions for heat transfer and storage. Aluminum-mild-steel-copper-stainless steel assemblies in electrical contact were used to simulate a multimetallic system which is the type most likely to be employed. Several inhibitors show promise for this application

An electrochemical study of hydrogen uptake and elimination by bare and gold-plated waspaloy

Two electrochemical methods for the determination of hydrogen concentrations in metals are discussed and evaluated. The take-up of hydrogen at a pressure of 5000 psi by Waspaloy metal was determined experimentally at 24 C. It was found that the metal becomes saturated with hydrogen after an exposure time of about 1 hr. For samples charged with hydrogen at high pressure, most of the hydrogen is contained in the interstitial solid solution of the metal. For electrolytically charged samples, most of the hydrogen is contained as surface and subsurface hydrides. Hydrogen elimination rates were determined for these two cases, with the rate for electrolytically charged samples being greater by over a factor of two. Theoretical effects of high temperature and pressure on hydrogen take-up and elimination by bare and gold plated Waspaloy metal was considered. The breakthrough point for hydrogen at 5000 psi, determined experimentally, lies between a gold thickness of 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.) and 0.0254 mm (0.001 in.) at 24 C. Electropolishing was found to greatly reduce the uptake of hydrogen at high pressure by Waspaloy metal at 24 C. Possible implications of the results obtained, as they apply to the turbine disk of the space shuttle main engine, are discussed

Behavioral and Physiological Responses to a Name Call in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Comparison with Typically Developing Children

The current study aimed to determine whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present differences in 1) behavioral and/or 2) physiological responses to a name call compared with language age (LA) and chronological age (CA) matched typically developing (TD) peers. During an experimental session, each child watched a nonsocial video while surface electrodes measured heart rate data. An examiner presented the child's name every 15 seconds for up to one minute until a head turn was observed. Boys with ASD showed reduced behavioral response compared with both TD groups. The change in heart rate was analyzed using several methods, and all results were reported. Some results revealed that children with ASD demonstrate a small increase in heart rate in response to the name call, suggesting that young boys with ASD may have a mildly aversive or defensive physiological response to name call. Possible explanations for these findings are explored

Variability of Diagnostic Symptoms of ASD in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome

Purpose or Research Questions In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) provided a new framework of criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), differing from the previous edition, the DSM-IV, in both structure of criteria and number of criteria needed for a diagnosis. This study aims to further understand the relationship that exists between specific ASD symptoms observed and the presence of an ASD diagnosis in this population. Background A recent analysis of this data (DeRamus et al., 2016) demonstrated that more individuals with FXS met criteria for ASD on the ADOS-2 when mapped to the diagnostic framework of DSM-IV than that of DSM-V. This current exploratory study is a sub-analysis of data obtained by the Decisional Capacity in fragile X syndrome study at the UNC-CH Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Research Triangle Institute and examines symptoms of autism through the gold-standard behavioral assessment for ASD, the ADOS-2. Methods/Proposed Methods One method for exploring the differences between diagnoses resulting from DSM-IV vs DSM-V criteria is to look at a relaxed version of DSM-V criteria, reducing the number of qualifying symptoms by one in both social communication and interaction (SCI) and repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests (RRBI) criteria. The symptoms of ASD in 143 individuals with FXS (72 male and 71 female) from the ADOS-2 were examined with regards to the criteria of SCI and RRBI. In addition, frequencies of meeting criteria for ASD based on a relaxed diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V standards were examined. Results/Anticipated Results 75% of males and 21% of females met SCI criteria under DSM-V criteria, while 87% of males and 64% of females met SCI criteria under relaxed DSM-V criteria. 59% of males and 21% of females met RRBI criteria under DSM-V; however, 89% of males and 64% of females met RRBI under relaxed DSM-V criteria. Overall, 56% of males and 16% of females met criteria for ASD under DSM-V, and 79% of males and 50% of females met criteria for ASD under relaxed DSM-V criteria. When only the SCI criterion was relaxed by one qualifying symptom, 59% of males and 19% of females met criteria for ASD. When only the RRBI criterion was relaxed by one qualifying symptom, 72% of males and 37% of females met criteria for ASD. Discussion There is a larger increase for both males (16% higher) and females (21% higher) meeting criteria when the RRBI criterion is relaxed by one qualifying symptom as compared to when the SCI criterion is relaxed by one qualifying symptom (3% higher for male and females). Further analysis will be done to determine the significance of these differences and to look into the sub-criteria within the SCI and RRBI domains. Examination of the ASD symptomatic profile of individuals with FXS is important to the understanding of diagnostic trends and the focus of further treatment due to funding constraints on services covered by insurance

Effect of Previous Plane of Nutrition Upon the Efficiency of Energy Utilization by Beef Steers as Measured by Respiration Calorimetry and Slaughter Technique

Animal Scienc

Teachers\u27 Effective Behavior Support Survey Scores and Student Behavior Referrals

Urban middle school teachers have experienced the severe challenges of discipline problems, which have contributed to writing more principal\u27s office discipline referrals. The effective behavior support (EBS) program has been found to promote positive behavior in the classroom and change students negative behavior into positive behavior. Guided by the Problem-Behavior Theory (PBT), the purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to examine the relationship between the teachers\u27 effective behavior support and office discipline referrals of urban middle school students. Years of teaching experience was the mediating variable. The researcher used archival data collected from teachers who used the effective behavior support program located at an urban middle school in the Southeast United States, the female and male teachers ranged between the ages of 23 to 66+. For the research question, a simple regression was employed as a means of analyzing the archival data. Results suggested that positive teachers\u27 support was not associated with the frequency of office discipline referrals. However, years of teaching experience was associated with fewer discipline referrals. The results of this study can be used to promote educational professionals to utilize positive teacher support to decrease office referrals, leading to more student contributions in the classroom and more long term success for students

Assessing Autism in Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Youths: Interdisciplinary Teams, COVID Considerations, and Future Directions

Autism spectrum disorders are more prevalent in children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (D/HH) than in the general population. This potential for diagnostic overlap underscores the importance of understanding the best approaches for assessing autism spectrum disorder in D/HH youths. Despite the recognition of clinical significance, youths who are D/HH are often identified as autistic later than individuals with normal hearing, which results in delayed access to appropriate early intervention services. Three primary barriers to early identification include behavioral phenotypic overlap, a lack of “gold-standard” screening and diagnostic tools for this population, and limited access to qualified clinicians. In the current article, we seek to address these barriers to prompt an appropriate identification of autism by providing recommendations for autism assessment in children who are D/HH from an interdisciplinary hearing and development clinic, including virtual service delivery during COVID-19. Strengths, gaps, and future directions for implementation are addressed

Altered Brain Structure in Infants with Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting approximately 1:2000 live-born females. It results from partial or complete X monosomy and is associated with a range of clinical issues including a unique cognitive profile and increased risk for certain behavioral problems. Structural neuroimaging studies in adolescents, adults, and older children with TS have revealed altered neuroanatomy but are unable to identify when in development differences arise. In addition, older children and adults have often been exposed to years of growth hormone and/or exogenous estrogen therapy with potential implications for neurodevelopment. The study presented here is the first to test whether brain structure is altered in infants with TS. Twenty-six infants with TS received high-resolution structural MRI scans of the brain at 1 year of age and were compared to 47 typically developing female and 39 typically developing male infants. Results indicate that the typical neuroanatomical profile seen in older individuals with TS, characterized by decreased gray matter volumes in premotor, somatosensory, and parietal-occipital cortex, is already present at 1 year of age, suggesting a stable phenotype with origins in the prenatal or early postnatal period

Adapting Livestock Production Systems to Climate Change in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities

To assess climate change impacts and identify challenges and opportunities for livestock climate change adaption, we conducted a comprehensive study in the Thulokhola watershed of Nuwakot district in Nepal from June 1, 2011 to January 31, 2013. We established nine community livestock groups (CLGs) consisting of 51 members and trained the CLG members in daily livestock record keeping and monitoring surface water quality. Monthly fecal samples from 50 cattle, 50 goats, and 50 buffaloes were collected for the determination of gastrointestinal parasites. Soil and fodder samples were also collected and analyzed. Group discussions, Participatory Rural Appraisals, and full-fledged household survey of 97 households were done. A survey of 41 water sources in the watershed was also conducted. While 85.3 % of the water sources have either dried up or decreased in flow in recent years, drought conditions had great toll on agricultural production. Prevalence rates of helminthes on goats, cattle, and buffalo was 53.8%, 31.32%, and 23.52%, respectively, and animal deaths were remarkably high. Declining pregnancy rates on livestock along with waning supply of fodder and forages and poor soil quality were additional major problems. Although local communities have undertaken several measures including adding new breed, destocking, purchasing fodder and forages, and planting grasses for livestock climate change adaptation, the problems of animal health, breeding conditions, soil fertility, forest degradation, increasing women workload, and water shortages were largely unaddressed. Opportunities for livestock climate change adaptation in Nepal include agroforestry intervention, groundwater utilization, rainwater harvesting, enhancing feed efficiency, and community capacity-building