Physical activity and FTO genotype by physical activity interactive influences on obesity

Background: Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Latino populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Latinos. Results: After controlling for age and sex, participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P \u3c 0.001). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found, none of the FTO genotype by PA interaction assessments revealed nominally significant associations. However, several of such interactive influences exhibited considerable trend towards association. Conclusions: These data suggest that adiposity measures are associated with PA and FTO variants in Latinos, but the impact of their interactive influences on these obesity measures appear to be minimal. Future studies with large sample sizes may help to determine whether individuals with specific FTO variants exhibit differential responses to PA interventions

Physical activity and FTO genotype by physical activity interactive influences on obesity

Abstract Background Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Latino populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Latinos. Results After controlling for age and sex, participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P < 0.001). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found, none of the FTO genotype by PA interaction assessments revealed nominally significant associations. However, several of such interactive influences exhibited considerable trend towards association. Conclusions These data suggest that adiposity measures are associated with PA and FTO variants in Latinos, but the impact of their interactive influences on these obesity measures appear to be minimal. Future studies with large sample sizes may help to determine whether individuals with specific FTO variants exhibit differential responses to PA interventions

Acute Exercise Alters Promoter Methylation in Human Skeletal Muscle

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Background And Significance: Insulin resistance is an underlying disease of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which is a metabolic health crisis in the United States. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the epigenetic factors, specifically DNA methylation and how it influences the expression of genes linked to insulin resistance is of critical importance. Research Question: In this project, we set out to identify patterns of changes in DNA methylation in response to an acute exercise in healthy control subjects. Methods: Five lean (BMI = 23.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2) volunteers underwent a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with a baseline muscle biopsy and a single bout of aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle for 48 minutes, rotating between 70 and 90% of VO2max, with a muscle biopsy taken 24 hours after completing the exercise. DNA was isolated from the baseline and 24 hours muscle biopsy, and next‐generation reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was performed, with analysis of the data using methylSig, and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: RRBS analysis captured 676,937 methylation sites, and of these 47,459 were differently methylated following acute exercise (P<0.05) with 4,574 sites occurring in promoter and untranslated (5’ and 3’) regions. The site with the greatest increase in methylation was within the gene NADP(+) ‐dependent malic enzyme cytosolic form (ME1) that demonstrated a significant methylation difference of +63.3%. A site in the gene for adenomatosis polyposis coli down‐regulated 1‐like (APCDD1L) was observed to have the most significant decrease in methylation by ‐65.3%. The gene with the highest incidence of differentially methylated sites was the gene for cardiomyopathy associated 5 (CMYA5) with 11 sites demonstrating a mean increase in methylation of 30.47%. The gene family with sequence similarity 176, member B protein (FAM176B) had the highest frequency of methylated sites (n=7) that were decreased in methylation with a mean decrease of ‐24.28%. KEGG pathway analysis was performed, which revealed significant (P<0.05) increases in methylation in the pathways of Wnt signaling, Heterotrimeric G‐protein signaling ‐Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated, Cadherin signaling, Melanogenesis, Axon Guidance, and Neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction. Significantly 4 enriched pathways with decreased methylation post exercise demonstrated one pathway, the Calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that a single bout of exercise can alter the DNA methylation pattern in skeletal muscle. Changes were observed in genes related to metabolic pathways, supporting previously published findings of changes in mRNA and proteins involved in metabolism following exercise. Future work is warranted with obese and type 2 diabetic participants to explore the differences in response to exercise between these groups.The National Institutes of Health Grants R01DK094013.This item is part of the College of Medicine - Phoenix Scholarly Projects 2016 collection. For more information, contact the Phoenix Biomedical Campus Library at [email protected]

A Short Note On Some Integrals Involving Bessel-functions

A new expansion for a certain class of integrals involving Bessel functions is considered. An example is completely developed showing as an efficient series expansion can be obtained

Chaotic Dynamics In An Infinite-dimensional Electromagnetic System

The paper deals with bifurcation and chaos phenomena theoretically observed in a simple electromagnetic system consisting of a linear, distortionless transmission line connected to an active linear resistor (R < 0) at one end and to a pn-junction diode at the other end. The active resistor gives rise to the stretching phenomena and the diode the back folding one; the combination of these two mechanisms may lead to chaotic dynamics. The Poincare map of the ''backward voltage wave'' at pn-junction diode is obtained by solving a one dimensional nonlinear implicit difference equation. For R < -R(c) (R(c) is the characteristic ''impedance'' of the line) the mapping is unimodal and the dynamics follow the Feigenbaum route to chaos [1]. The nonlinear implicit difference equation is solved numerically. Spatiotemporal chaos is observed in the voltage and current waves. By replacing the pn-junction diode with a twin-pn junction diode circuit, the hopping mechanism is also met

Additional file 1: of Physical activity and FTO genotype by physical activity interactive influences on obesity

Intake questionnaire. (DOC 51 kb