Ökonomisches versus gesellschaftliches Wertesystem im Land- und Immobilienmanagement: zwei Seiten der gleichen Medaille?

This article reviews and analyses how and why land-management practice draws on two contrasting value systems: economic and social. Land managers are at the crossroads of different value systems, which both overlap and contrast. The aim of this article is to provide an understanding of which aspects are crucial in each of the value systems, and to provide a basis for how and where the value systems can be connected and where they are contradictory. This is undertaken using an exploratory qualitative and descriptive comparison, which contrasts the epistemic logics of the value systems, the manner in which each system makes use of different scales, and the way in which decisions are made with each value system. Such an understanding is crucial to improve coherence in designing and predicting the future effects of land-management interventions. Currently, practitioners tend to design interventions based on single value systems, rather than on combining or integrating value systems. The discursive comparison provides the initial steps towards a more coherent understanding of the common ground and the missing links in value logics applied in land management. These results are relevant to provide better descriptions and predictions of the effects of land-use interventions and develop improved transdisciplinary models to predict changes and development in the utilization of land or property.Dieser Beitrag untersucht und analysiert, wie und warum für die Praxis des Landmanagements zwei gegensätzliche Wertesysteme von Bedeutung sind: ein wirtschaftliches und ein gesellschaftliches System. Landmanager stehen am Scheideweg dieser Wertesysteme, die sich zum Teil überschneiden und zum Teil kontrastieren. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, ein Verständnis dafür zu entwickeln, welche Aspekte in welchen Wertesystemen entscheidend sind, wie und wo die Wertesysteme miteinander verbunden sind und wo sie widersprüchlich sind. Dies geschieht durch einen qualitativen und deskriptiven Vergleich, der die jeweiligen epistemischen Wertesystemlogiken einander gegenüberstellt: die Art und Weise, in der jedes System unterschiedliche Maßstäbe anwendet, und die Art, in der Entscheidungen mit jedem Wertesystem vorbereitet werden. Ein solches Verständnis ist entscheidend, um die Kohärenz bei der Planung und Vorhersage zukünftiger Auswirkungen von Landmanagementmaßnahmen zu verbessern. Derzeit tendieren die Praktiker dazu, Interventionen nach Ein-Werte-Systemen zu beurteilen anstatt Wertesysteme zu kombinieren oder integrieren. Der Vergleich liefert erste Bausteine zu einem kohärenten Verständnis der Gemeinsamkeiten und der fehlenden Glieder in der Wertelogik, die im Landmanagement angewendet wird. Diese Ergebnisse sind relevant, um die Auswirkungen von Landnutzungsinterventionen besser beschreiben und prognostizieren zu können sowie um transdisziplinäre Modelle zu entwickeln, die Veränderungen und Prozesse bei der Nutzung von Boden oder Gebäuden vorhersehen

Criterios para la gestión sostenible de paisajes culturales extremos: (Hipo/Hiperdesarrollo): Mali, China y México

La relación de los paisajes culturales con el desarrollo sostenible suele ser crítico tanto en situaciones de hipodesarrollo como de hiperdesarrollo. La carencia de estudios, la escasa cartografía y la dificultad para obtener información obstaculizan el trazado de planes de desarrollo y estrategias que mejoren la calidad de vida de la población local al tiempo que se preservan los frágiles valores intangibles. Esta investigación posdoctoral consistió en reconocer el valor de los paisajes culturales extremos como motores de desarrollo, al tiempo que se trazó una metodología para cartografiar el territorio, sus dinámicas, sus intangibles y sus transformaciones con el fin de trazar estrategias de intervención. Al trabajar en China, Malí y México como casos de estudio, las diferencias culturales y en niveles de desarrollo han favorecido el intercambio cultural al tiempo que permiten la extrapolación de la metodología a múltiples contextos en África, Asia, Europa y Latinoamérica.The relationship of cultural landscapes with sustainable development is usually critical in hypodevelopment and hyperdevelopment situations. The lack of studies, scarce maps and difficulties in obtaining information hinder the design of development plans and strategies that would improve the quality of life of local population, whilst preserving the fragile intangible assets. This postdoctoral research consisted of recognising the value of extreme cultural landscapes as engines for development, whilst designing a methodology for mapping the land, its dynamics, its intangibles, and its transformations with the aim of designing strategic interventions. Through taking China, Mexico and Mali as study cases, the differences regarding culture and levels of development have favoured cultural exchange whilst allowing the extrapolation of the methodology to multiple contexts in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America

Politicizing international cooperation: the mass public, political entrepreneurs and political opportunity structures

International institutions are increasingly being challenged by domestic opposition and nationalist political forces. Yet, levels of politicization differ significantly across countries facing the same international authority as well as within countries over time. This raises the question of when and why the mass public poses a challenge to international cooperation. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework for understanding the nature and implications of politicization of international cooperation, outlining three scope conditions: The nature of public contestation, the activities of political entrepreneurs, and the permissiveness of political opportunity structures. By empirically examining these scope conditions, we demonstrate that politicization can have both stabilizing and destabilizing effects on international cooperation. Highlighting the systemic implications of politicization for international cooperation has important implications for international relations scholarship. Although international organizations may face challenges, they also have ways of being remarkably resilient

A LOCAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT THE MERAPI VOLCANIC RISK MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT SLEMAN REGENCY, INDONESIA

This research aims to implement an application of a Local Spatial DataInfrastructure (SDI) for evacuation planning of Merapi Volcano disaster. Theprocesses, problems and information flows in evacuation planning were examined.Geo-collaboration Portal was customized in order to provide spatial resources fordecision makers. It is equipped with usable maps presentation and interaction toolsto support collaborative decisions. User group assessment was carried out toevaluate usability of the application. The evaluation results showed thatcollaborative portals on top of a local SDI can facilitate effective decision makingprocess and improve coordination among involved stakeholders in thecontext of disaster preparedness and mitigation. Several aspects need to beconsidered in order to achieve a functional local SDI e.g. availability and qualityof the spatial data, establishment of local regulations and standards, developmentof metadata, and strengthening capable human resources

A LOCAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT THE MERAPI VOLCANIC RISK MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT SLEMAN REGENCY, INDONESIA

ABSTRACT This research aims to implement an application of a Local Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for evacuation planning of Merapi Volcano disaster. The processes, problems and information flows in evacuation planning were examined. Oeo- collaboration Portal was customized in order to provide spatial resources for decision makers. It is equipped with usable maps presentation and interaction tools to support collaborative decisions. User group assessment was carried out to evaluate usability of the application. The evaluation results showed that collaborative portals on top of a local SDI can facilitate effective decision making process and improve coordination among involved stakeholders in the context of disaster preparedness and mitigation. Several aspects need to be considered in order to achieve a functional local SDI e.g. availability and quality of the spatial data, establishment of local regulations and standards, development of metadata, and strengthening capable human resources. Keywords: Local Spatial Data Infrastructure, geo-portals, user group assessment, usability

Enhancing self-protective behavior: efficacy beliefs and peer feedback in risk communication

In times of a high-impact safety incident citizens may have a variety of sources available to help them cope with the situation. This research focuses on the interplay of efficacy information in risk communication messages and peer feedback, such as responses on social network sites (SNSs) in the context of a high-impact risk on the intention to engage in self-protective behavior. The study pitted high and low efficacy information messages against supporting and opposing peer feedback (N = 242). Results show a significant interaction effect between efficacy information in a news article and peer feedback from SNS messages on both the intention to engage in self-protective behavior and levels of involvement. Participants who received the article with more efficacy information and also received supportive peer feedback via SNS messages were more likely to express higher levels of involvement and greater intentions to engage in protective behavior. When confronted with a low efficacious news article, the effect of peer feedback on these two variables was significantly stronger. Finally, implications for theory and government risk communication are discusse

INSPIRE obscured by clouds of inter-organizational cooperation with geoICT?

The INSPIRE Directive, a European Union Directive to promote change in the use and re-use of geospatial information in all European member states, is indirectly and implicitly assuming new forms of cooperation between public authorities, and assuming non-problematic networking and cooperation between public authorities. Empirical evidence from public administration science is however showing that cooperation is a frequently researched and loaded term and that changing existing forms, or introducing new forms of public sector cooperation, has often proven to be problematic. This article investigates for three cases in the Netherlands how political-organizational motives may play a role in the cooperation with geographic information and communication technology (geoICT). In the analysis, the assumption is that individual organizations operate in a dynamic arena of interests and influences, which have an impact in decisions and behaviour within the cooperation. The analysis itself applies an analytical approach, whereby for each case a selected set of political-organizational notions are compared. These notions include: authority, interest, command, control and coordination. The cases chosen are different in the degree to which INSPIRE objectives play a direct role, or a less direct role. The data was collected through qualitative research techniques. The investigation shows that the political-organizational context in which INSPIRE needs to be adopted has a direct impact on the degree of its acceptance. Common in the cases is the increase of operational agreements, which trigger an increase of alternative structures. These alternatives are legitimized by other policies and directives. The consequence for INSPIRE implementation is that if these political-organizational motives are not taken into account appropriately, the unintended and often hidden counter-effects may hamper the overall implementation of the INSPIRE Directive. A possible next phase of the research would need to validate the results by investigating the cases more longitudinally, and by comparing with other cases, both in the Netherlands and Europe