ANOMALY DETECTION IN IT AUDIT : The possibilities and potential in the domain of IT Audit

IT Audit is dealing with a continuous increase in complexity and work. Regulations get stricter, while IT plays an increasingly more important role in companies. New technologies like anomaly detection can play a role in supporting IT Audit decisions. Anomaly detection has recently seen use in many domains, including financial audit, for example in fraud detection. Yet IT Audit does not make use of this technology as of now. This research looks atthe possible roles that anomaly detection can play in this domain. This research starts by attempting to bring the existing literature on both domains closer together and then creating variables that influence successful anomaly detection implementation in IT Audit. Exploratory interviews led to different approaches to implementation. IT Audit currently works with random samples to offer reasonable assurance on a statistical basis. As anomaly detection requires more data than the samples can provide, the potential benefits and consequences of utilizing the entire data population in an audit are researched. As controls are unique to each client, IT Audit tasks have been grouped per common IT risk. For each risk, the potential of anomaly detection is determined based on four variables: the impact of erroneous instances going undetected, the time spent on the audit task, the frequency of the task, and the external pressure. Interviews with IT Audit professionals have been used to go through the IT risks with the highest potential, and determine the challenges. For each challenge, solutions have been discussed, as well as their feasibility. Two use-cases have been formulated based on the interviews. The first use-case aims to use anomaly detection to detect multiple manage change risks, by looking at the full data population of changes at big clients working in standardized systems. The second use-case aims to discover SoD concerns and could be combined with financial audit data to discover fraud. Unsupervised deep learning methods are most likely to succeed. Prior research indicates deep autoencoder neural networks as a suitable method. The biggest challenges for implementation turned out to be in the current audit methodology, rather than development. The current sample approach is based on the notion that testing the full data population would not be possible while remaining within time and budget norms. New techniques, such as anomaly detection, might mean this notion is outdated, but the methods cannot be created and optimized due to the current restraints

Sterile neutrinos with non-standard interactions in β\beta- and 0νββ0\nu\beta\beta-decay experiments

Charged currents are probed in low-energy precision $\beta$-decay experiments and at high-energy colliders, both of which aim to measure or constrain signals of beyond-the-Standard-Model physics. In light of future $\beta$-decay and LHC measurements that will further explore these non-standard interactions, we investigate what neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiments can tell us if a nonzero signal were to be found. Using a recently developed effective-field-theory framework, we consider the effects that interactions with right-handed neutrinos have on $0\nu\beta\beta$ and discuss the range of neutrino masses that current and future $0\nu\beta\beta$ measurements can probe, assuming neutrinos are Majorana particles. For non-standard interactions at the level suggested by recently observed hints in $\beta$ decays, we show that next-generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments can determine the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos, for sterile neutrino masses larger than $\mathcal O(10)$ eV.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figure

“What do you think?”:How interaction unfolds following opinion-seeking questions and implications for encouraging subjectification in education

This study investigates how classroom interaction unfolds following an opinion-seeking question asked by teachers or students. By using conversation analysis as a research method, the authors found that to an opinion-seeking question the preferred response of a student is to express an opinion as if it originated from their own thoughts. These responses are often followed by a non-minimal follow-up by both teachers and peers. We illustrate that the non-minimal follow-ups are formulated in two different ways: generic or specific, whereby a specific non-minimal follow-up appears to offer the best opportunity for subjectification. Subjectification is about the existence of the student as subject of his own life. If a student provides a specific non-minimal follow-up, the student expresses himself as a subject, with his own thoughts and a unique voice, which appears to prompt a dialogue in which fellow participants are also invited to express themselves

Beta-decay implications for the W-boson mass anomaly

We point out the necessity to consider $\beta$-decay observables in resolutions of the $W$-boson anomaly in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory that go beyond pure oblique corrections. We demonstrate that present global analyses that explain the $W$-boson mass anomaly predict a large, percent-level, violation of first-row CKM unitarity. We investigate what solutions to the $W$-boson mass anomaly survive after including $\beta$-decay constraints

Bradykinin potentiation by angiotensin-(1-7) and ACE inhibitors correlates with ACE C- and N-domain blockade

ACE inhibitors block B(2) receptor desensitization, thereby potentiating bradykinin beyond blocking its hydrolysis. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) also acts as an ACE inhibitor and, in addition, may stimulate bradykinin release via angiotensin II type 2 receptors. In this study we compared the bradykinin-potentiating effects of Ang-(1-7), quinaprilat, and captopril. Porcine coronary arteries, obtained from 32 pigs, were mounted in organ baths, preconstricted with prostaglandin F(2alpha), and exposed to quinaprilat, captopril, Ang-(1-7), and/or bradykinin. Bradykinin induced complete relaxation (pEC(50)=8.11+/-0.07, mean+/-SEM), whereas quinaprilat, captopril, and Ang-(1-7) alone were without effect. Quinaprilat shifted the bradykinin curve to the left in a biphasic manner: a 5-fold shift at concentrations that specifically block the C-domain (0.1 to 1 nmol/L) and a 10-fold shift at concentrations that block both domains. Captopril and Ang-(1-7) monophasically shifted the bradykinin curve to the left, by a factor of 10 and 5, respectively. A 5-fold shift was also observed when Ang-(1-7) was combined with 0.1 nmol/L quinaprilat. Repeated exposure of porcine coronary arteries to 0.1 micromol/L bradykinin induced B(2) receptor desensitization. The addition of 10 micromol/L quinaprilat or Ang-(1-7) to the bath, at a time when bradykinin alone was no longer able to induce relaxation, fully restored the relaxant effects of bradykinin. Angiotensin II type 1 or 2 receptor blockade did not affect any of the observed effects of Ang-(1-7). In conclusion, Ang-(1-7), like quinaprilat and captopril, po

Two-Step 3D-Guided Supramalleolar Osteotomy to Treat Varus Ankle osteoarthritis

Background: Success of valgus-type supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) depends on adequate correction of malalignment, which can be hard to achieve with current 2-dimensional (2D) planning and operative techniques. A personalized digital 3-dimensional (3D) workflow to virtually plan and perform a 2-step 3D-guided medial opening (MO) SMOT has the potential to improve precision of correction. Methods: Computed tomography (CT)-based Proplan medical 3D models were made to virtually plan the desired MO SMOT, and exported to 3-Matic medical to develop patient-specific 2-step cutting and wedge guides. Workflow accuracy was tested in this limited clinical pilot study (3 patients) by comparing the virtual planned position of the osteotomized distal tibial fragment with the I -year post-MO SMOT configuration. Two millimeters or less translation deviation in every plane was defined as accurate. Results: Primary outcome analysis of the osteotomized distal tibial fragment deviation showed a median translation in all planes of 0.7 (range 0-8.2) mm (interquartile range 1.55) with an excellent interrater reliability of the measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.998). There was a strong reduction in ankle pain as reflected by an increase of the AOFAS-AH score and decrease of NRS pain score with an unrestricted hindfoot motion 1 year after surgery. Conclusion: 3D virtually planned bone cutting and wedge guides is a promising approach associated with minimal postoperative deviation from the desired correction in medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy

How to detect late-onset inborn errors of metabolism in patients with movement disorders - A modern diagnostic approach

We propose a modern approach to assist clinicians to recognize and diagnose inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in adolescents and adults that present with a movement disorder. IEMs presenting in adults are still largely unexplored. These disorders receive little attention in neurological training and daily practice, and are considered complicated by many neurologists. Adult-onset presentations of IEMs differ from childhood-onset phenotypes, which may lead to considerable diagnostic delay. The identification of adult-onset phenotypes at the earliest stage of the disease is important, since early treatment may prevent or lessen further brain damage. Our approach is based on a systematic review of all papers that concerned movement disorders due to an IEM in patients of 16 years or older. Detailed clinical phenotyping is the diagnostic cornerstone of the approach. An underlying IEM should be suspected in particular in patients with more than one movement disorder, or in patients with additional neurological, psychiatric, or systemic manifestations. As IEMs are all genetic disorders, we recommend next-generation sequencing (NGS) as the first diagnostic approach to confirm an IEM. Biochemical tests remain the first choice in acute-onset or treatable IEMs that require rapid diagnosis, or to confirm the metabolic diagnosis after NGS results. With the use of careful and systematic clinical phenotyping combined with novel diagnostic approaches such as NGS, the diagnostic yield of late-onset IEMs will increase, in particular in patients with mild or unusual phenotypes.</p

Size-dependent reversal of grains in perpendicular magnetic recording media measured by small-angle polarized neutron scattering

Polarized small-angle neutron scattering has been used to measure the magnetic structure of a CoCrPt–SiOx thin-film data storage layer, contained within a writable perpendicular recording media, at granular (&lt;10 nm) length scales. The magnetic contribution to the scattering is measured as the magnetization is reversed by an external field, providing unique spatial information on the switching process. A simple model of noninteracting nanomagnetic grains provides a good description of the data and an analysis of the grain-size dependent reversal provides strong evidence for an increase in magnetic anisotropy with grain diameter

Vanuit verschillende perspectieven samenwerken aan oplossingen:Een Change Lab rond het didactoraat van Openbaar Onderwijs Groningen

Sinds 2020 heeft Openbaar Onderwijs Groningen (OOG) een zogenaamd didactoraat (Drukker,2021). Het didactoraat beoogt een onderzoekende leergemeenschap te zijn van leraren, lio’s,lerarenopleiders en onderzoekers, gericht op een didactisch ontwikkelthema (in dit geval ‘actiefleren’), onder leiding van een zogeheten didactor. Doel is om onderzoeksmatig werken en devakdidactische bekwaamheid op het gekozen thema binnen de scholen van OOG te bevorderenom zo het leren van leerlingen te verbeteren. Omdat de inbedding van het didactoraat in destructuur en cultuur van de organisatie niet vanzelf gaat, zijn we in het najaar van 2021 met eenzogenaamd Change Lab gestart om die inbedding te versterken. In deze bijdrage schetsen wekort de achtergrond van het didactoraat en wat een Change Lab is, en beschrijven we welkeverschillende fasen we doorlopen hebben en wat dit Change Lab heeft opgelever

the contribution of sex and auto antibodies to microangiopathy assessed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis a systematic review of the literature

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