Semantic Reversal: Individual, Person, Individualism, INDIVIDUALIZATION, and Subject of Fundamental Rights

Based upon the theory of justice, founded on reciprocal and co-operative recognition, this study seeks to demonstrate that there are alternative means of dispute resolution within the spheres of family and work, which produce binding decisions that are accepted by the parties to the conflict as fair. At the same time, it also seeks to demonstrate that certain conflicts cannot be withdrawn from the pur-view and judgment of the State Judiciary System, with the goal of reestablishing the confidence that individuals have in the decision-making system of the state legal system

Semantic Reversal: Individual, Person, Individualism, INDIVIDUALIZATION, and Subject of Fundamental Rights

Based upon the theory of justice, founded on reciprocal and co-operative recognition, this study seeks to demonstrate that there are alternative means of dispute resolution within the spheres of family and work, which produce binding decisions that are accepted by the parties to the conflict as fair. At the same time, it also seeks to demonstrate that certain conflicts cannot be withdrawn from the pur-view and judgment of the State Judiciary System, with the goal of reestablishing the confidence that individuals have in the decision-making system of the state legal system

A Novel Method for the Quantification of White Wine Mannoproteins by a Competitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Lectin Sorbent Assay (CI-ELLSA)

Mannoproteins (MPs) are cell wall proteoglycans released in wine by yeast during fermentation and ageing on lees, a procedure used for the production of several wines to enrich them in these components with consequences from both a technological and sensory point of view. Given the significance that wine MPs have for wine quality, winemakers would welcome a simple and accurate method for their quantification, as this would allow them to have a better control of this aspect at different winemaking stages. This study develops and validates a novel, simple and accurate method for MPs quantification in white wines based on a competitive indirect enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay (CI-ELLSA), using the highly mannosylated yeast invertase as the standard. The method utilizes the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) as the immobilized ligand for MPs, and peroxidase, an enzyme rich in mannose, as the competitor for ConA. After addition of the peroxidase substrate, the intensity of the signal produced by the activity of this enzyme (absorbance at 450 nm) is inversely proportional to the amount of mannosylated proteins in the sample. Results have been validated on several wine styles including still, sparkling and sweet wines

Chapter Monitoring coastal areas: a brief history of measuring instruments for solar radiation

The first measuring instruments of solar radiation, for meteorological aims, were made only in 1800s. In 1896 OMI established a commission for radiometry which led, in 1905, to choose Ångström pyrheliometer as standard instrument. Later, radiometers were built with a chart recorder for measuring solar radiation components. Instruments using thermopile or photocell as sensitive element were made. From 1980s radiometers with data logger were built. In 2000s devices were developed for measuring solar radiation components in water column, for studies on physical and biological marine quantities

On Hirth Ring Couplings: Design Principles Including the Effect of Friction

Rings with Hirth couplings are primarily used for the accurate positioning of axial-symmetric components in the machine tool industry and, generally, in mechanical components. It is also possible to use Hirth rings as connection tools. Specific industries with special milling and grinding machines are able to manufacture both tailor made and standard Hirth rings available on stock. Unfortunately, no international standard (for instance ISO, DIN or AGMA) is available for the production and the design of such components. In the best-case scenario, it is possible to find simplified design formulae in the catalogue of the suppliers. The aim of this work is to provide some accurate formulae and computational methods for design to provide better awareness on the limitations and the potential of this type of connection. The work consists of five parts: (i) a review of the base calculation derived mainly from the catalogues of manufacturers; (ii) an improved calculation based on a new analytical method including the friction phenomenon; (iii) an experimentation run for validating the method; (iv) a case study applied to a machine tool; and, (v) a closed form formulation to determine an upper threshold for friction, thus ensuring the Hirth coupling regular performance

Interference fit effect on holed single plates loaded with tension-tension stresses

This paper deals with the influence of interference fit coupling on the fatigue strength of holed plates. The effect was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Axial fatigue tests have been carried out on holed specimens made of high performance steel (1075MPa of Ultimate strength and 990MPa of Yield strength) with or without a pin, made of the same material, press fitted into their central hole. Three different conditions have been investigated: free hole specimens, specimens with 0.6% of nominal specific interference and specimens with 2% of nominal specific interference. The experimental stress-life (S–N) curves pointed out an increased fatigue life of the interference fit specimens compared with the free hole ones. The numericalinvestigation was performed in order to analyse the stress fields by applying an elastic plastic 2D simulation witha commercial Finite Element software. The stress history and distribution along the contact interference of the fitted samples indicates a significant reduction of the local stress range due to the externally applied loading (remote stress) since a residual and compressive stress field is generated by the pin insertion

A methodology for the lightweight design of modern transfer machine tools

This paper deals with a modern design approach via finite elements in the definition of the main structural elements (rotary table and working unit) of an innovative family of transfer machine tools. Using the concepts of green design and manufacture, as well as sustainable development thinking, the paper highlights the advantages derived from their application in this specific field (i.e., the clever use of lightweight materials to allow ruling out high-consumption hydraulic pump systems). The design is conceived in a modular way, so that the final solution can cover transfers from four to 15 working stations. Two versions of the machines are examined. The first one has a rotary table with nine divisions, which can be considered as a prototype: this machine has been studied in order to set up the numerical predictive model, then validated by experimental tests. The second one, equipped with a rotary table with 15 divisions, is the biggest of the range: this machine has been entirely designed with the aid of the previously developed numerical model. The loading input forces for the analyses have been evaluated experimentally via drilling operations carried out on a three-axis CNC unit. The definition of the design force made it possible to accurately assess both the rotary table and the working units installed in the machine

INFLUENCE OF THE STIFFNESS AND FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SHANK TORQUE OF SCREWS IN BOLTED JOINTS

This work aims at determining the influence of tribological and stiffness characteristics of a bolted joint on the residual shank torque of the screw. Even if it is commonly accepted to consider such a residual torque equal to half the torque at the thread, the literature lacks experimental data about the topic. The residual shank torque combines with the axial preload and the external loads to bring about the overall stress on the screw. Hence, the higher the residual torque, the lower the admissible external load for given size and class of the screw. From there stems the need for an analytical tool allowing the designer to calculate the residual torque as a function of the key parameters of the joint