1,876 research outputs found
Poly-dodecahedrane: A new allotrope of carbon
Carbon is the most important chemical element and the theoretical study of
its new allotropes can be of great interest. In this study, regular
dodecahedron (dodecahedrane) oligomers (n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) by extending
the dodecahedrane units in 3-dimensions were designed. Then, a theoretical
study was conducted on their structures and electronic properties as potential
new carbon allotrope. The cohesive energy (Ecoh) and G, were
calculated. Experimental observations indicate that the Ecoh rises as the
number of dodecahedrane units increases, whereas the Gibbs free energy change
G decreases with an increase in the number of dodecahedrane units. The
HOMO-LUMO energy gap (Eg) values, which represent electronic properties,
decrease with increasing number of dodecahedrane units. Density functional
theory (DFT) calculations of the novel carbon allotropes polydodecahedrane
nanostructures have unveiled a previously unobserved symmetry, indicating
intrinsic metallic behavior. The symmetrical distribution of partial charges
was found in molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) diagrams for all
oligomers, showing a tendency of the structures to maintain a symmetrical
structural order as the number of monomer units increases. In addition, natural
bond orbital (NBO) analysis of 13-units oligomer as largest designed structure
reveals near- hybridization for different carbons. Based on the
calculated results, the structures have a tendency to extend in 3-dimensions
and form a covalent network of poly-dodecahedrane with a unique structure
consisting of interconnected cyclopentane rings. The results show that this
exclusive configuration exhibits theoretical stability and suggests the
potential for poly-dodecahedrane to be regarded as a novel carbon allotrope
Geoprocessing for the characterization of soils developed from basalt and sand material
Os levantamentos de solos são na maioria antigos e pouco detalhados, geralmente nos nÃveis exploratório e de reconhecimento. Isso pode ser explicado pelo fato de que o método tradicional de levantamento de solos é lento e caro, requerendo grande número de observações de campo. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar unidades de mapeamento de solos das regiões de Ibaté e São Carlos, SP, desenvolvidos de materiais basálticos e arenÃticos em função da declividade e altitudes correspondentes, com base em modelo digital de elevação (MDE). Primeiramente, foi feito um mapa de solos semidetalhado pelo método tradicional. Posteriormente, utilizando-se curvas de nÃvel da região, foi elaborado o MDE, do qual foram extraÃdos mapas com diferentes classes de declividade e elevação. Por meio da tabulação cruzada, foi determinada a incidência de cada solo nas respectivas classes de declives e altitudes. Cada solo apresentou comportamento diferenciado em relação à s classes de declive. Contudo, nas faixas limÃtrofes de declividade pode ocorrer sobreposição de dois ou mais solos. Na referida região, o Latossolo Amarelo encontra-se predominantemente nas regiões mais altas e de relevo plano; entretanto, solos pouco intemperizados, como os Neossolos Litólicos, aparecem em diferentes faixas de declividade. Conclui-se que o conhecimento da distribuição dos solos no relevo é de grande importância, pois facilita a execução do levantamento de solos. O modelo de elevação apresenta semelhanças com o mapa de solos, podendo auxiliar na sua determinação. As variações de solo, no entanto, são mais complexas, não dispensando as observações de campo.Brazilian soil surveys are mostly outdated, with few details, usually based on discovery and recognition. This fact can be ascribed to the traditional, slow and expensive soil survey method, requiring a great number of field observations. Thus, faster and cheaper soil mapping techniques must be developed. The objective of this study was to characterize soil mapping units in the region of Ibaté and São Carlos, state of São Paulo, measuring slopes and altitudes, based on a digital elevation model (DEM). First a semi-detailed soil map was drawn based on the traditional methodology. Then, the DEM was elaborated using contour lines of the region, from which maps with different slope and elevation classes were extracted. By cross tabulation each soil was determined in each slope and elevation class. Each soil responded differently in relation to the slope classes. However, an overlapping of two or more soils can occur in the limit ranges. In the study area, the Typic Haplustox can be found predominantly in higher and plain areas. Low weathered soils such as the Typic Udorthent are however found at different slope levels. It was concluded that knowledge on the soil distribution in the relief is very important for soil surveys. The DEM have similarities with the soil map and can contribute with some information. Soil variations are however extremely complex, which makes field observations indispensable
First-principles calculations of the electronic and optical properties of penta-graphene monolayer: study of many-body effects
In the present work, first-principles calculations based on the density
functional theory (DFT), GW approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) are
performed to study the electronic and optical properties of penta-graphene (PG)
monolayer. The results indicated that PG is a semiconductor with an indirect
band gap of approximately 2.32 eV at the DFT- GGA level. We found that the
utilization of the GW approximation based on many-body perturbation theory led
to an increase in the band gap, resulting in a quasi-direct gap of 5.35 eV.
Additionally, we employed the G0W0 - RP A and G0W0 - BSE approximations to
calculate the optical spectra in the absence and in the presence of
electron-hole interaction, respectively. The results demonstrated that the
inclusion of electron-hole interaction caused a red-shift of the absorption
spectrum towards lower energies compared to the spectrum obtained from the G0W0
- RP A approximation. With the electron-hole interaction, it is found that the
optical absorption spectra are dominated by the first bound exciton with a
significant binding energy 3.07 eV. The study concluded that the PG monolayer,
with a wider band gap and enhanced excitonic effects, holds promise as a
suitable candidate for the design and fabrication of optoelectronic components
Nuevos datos sobre la sucesión del "CXG" (Grupo das Beiras) : evidencia sedimentaria del origen glacioderivado de las facies conglomeráticas de la FM. del Cabeço das Popas, en la región de Monfortinho (Portugal Central)
La presencia de "dropstones" en las facies finas laminadas que se intercalan entre los orto y paraconglomerados caracterÃsticos de la Fm. del Cabeço das opas
(CXG: Grupo das Beiras), prueba su origen glacioderivado. La edad véndica media-superior considerada para esta Fm. permite postular la existencia de
episodios glaciares postvarangerienses en el Macizo Hespérico
Topological field theories in n-dimensional spacetimes and Cartan's equations
Action principles of the BF type for diffeomorphism invariant topological
field theories living in n-dimensional spacetime manifolds are presented. Their
construction is inspired by Cuesta and Montesinos' recent paper where Cartan's
first and second structure equations together with first and second Bianchi
identities are treated as the equations of motion for a field theory. In
opposition to that paper, the current approach involves also auxiliary fields
and holds for arbitrary n-dimensional spacetimes. Dirac's canonical analysis
for the actions is detailedly carried out in the generic case and it is shown
that these action principles define topological field theories, as mentioned.
The current formalism is a generic framework to construct geometric theories
with local degrees of freedom by introducing additional constraints on the
various fields involved that destroy the topological character of the original
theory. The latter idea is implemented in two-dimensional spacetimes where
gravity coupled to matter fields is constructed out, which has indeed local
excitations.Comment: LaTeX file, no figure
Latinamerican guidelines of RIICER for diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsioses
Las rickettsiosis transmitidas por garrapatas son afecciones de distribución mundial, que por diferentes motivos se pueden considerar emergentes y reemergentes. Hasta hace escasos años la única rickettsiosis transmitida por garrapatas en Latinoamérica era la infección por Rickettsia rickettsii, pero en la actualidad y fundamentalmente, gracias a la incorporación de nuevas herramientas para el diagnóstico microbiológico como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenciación o el cultivo celular rápido en tubo cerrado, se han descrito e involucrado otras especies de Rickettsia en la producción de patologÃa humana. En estas guÃas se detallan y describen las diferentes técnicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico microbiológico de las rickettsiosis. Además, se incluye una sección en la que se detallan las especies más importantes de garrapatas duras relacionadas con las rickettsiosis en Latinoamérica, con claves para su clasificación taxonómica.Tick-borne rickettsioses are worldwide infectious diseases that are considered emerging and re-emerging. Until recently the only tick-borne rickettsiosis present in Latin America was Rickettsia rickettsii infection, but to date, with the incorporation of new tools as PCR and sequencing and the quick cellular close tube cultures (Shell-vial), new species has been involved as human pathogens. In these guidelines, we offer an update of the microbiological assays for diagnosing rickettsioses. Besides we have included a section in which the most important hard ticks involved in human rickettsioses in Latinoamerica are detailed.Financiamiento: RIICER (Red Iberoamericana para la Investigación y Control de las Enfermedades Rickettsiales) del Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y TecnologÃa para el Desarrollo (CYTED)
Risco de Diabetes Mellitus numa população escolar
A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crónica que apresenta como principais factores de
risco: obesidade, gordura abdominal e história familiar. Para avaliar o risco de desenvolver DM tipo 2 dentro de 10 anos aplicou-se uma ficha de avaliação onde se verificou que 12,5% apresentam risco sensivelmente elevado e 3,6% risco moderado. No entanto esta população já apresenta alguns factores de risco tais como IMC elevado, perÃmetro abdominal aumentado ou muito aumentado, baixa actividade fÃsica, alimentação deficiente em vegetais e frutas e
antecedentes familiares com DM.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that presents as main risk factors: obesity,
abdominal fat and family history. To assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 10 years was applied an evaluation and it was found that 12.5% have significantly elevated risk and 3.6% moderate risk. However, this population already has some risk factors such as high BMI, waist circumference increased or greatly increased, low physical activity, diet deficient in fruits and vegetables and family history of DM
Aprendendo com o insucesso: um estudo de caso de aplicação da resolução criativa de problemas ao projeto educativo
O Projeto Educativo, como instrumento fundamental para a autonomia das escolas, em Portugal, deve aglutinar as
principais expectativas da comunidade escolar, implicando rigor na metodologia de investigação, utilizada para sua
elaboração, e na implementação da mudança requerida. O presente artigo relata a forma como foi possÃvel obter esses
aspectos, numa escola secundária, ao longo de mais de um ano, por meio do uso do método de Resolução Criativa de
Problemas, que envolveu toda a comunidade escolar. Conforme o planeamento definido, a elaboração do Projeto
Educativo seguiu os passos de um trabalho de investigação e resultou num documento estratégico e operacional,
sujeito, posteriormente, a várias tentativas de implementação que, no entanto, tiveram apenas sucesso relativo. A
discussão das condições necessárias para que o documento final possa servir de base à implementação das polÃticas e
ações definidas, o que simplificaria todo o esquema de funcionamento escolar, sob um prisma de gestão efetiva das
organizações, é aqui iniciada e sugerida para futuras investigações
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