XML Matchers: approaches and challenges

Schema Matching, i.e. the process of discovering semantic correspondences between concepts adopted in different data source schemas, has been a key topic in Database and Artificial Intelligence research areas for many years. In the past, it was largely investigated especially for classical database models (e.g., E/R schemas, relational databases, etc.). However, in the latest years, the widespread adoption of XML in the most disparate application fields pushed a growing number of researchers to design XML-specific Schema Matching approaches, called XML Matchers, aiming at finding semantic matchings between concepts defined in DTDs and XSDs. XML Matchers do not just take well-known techniques originally designed for other data models and apply them on DTDs/XSDs, but they exploit specific XML features (e.g., the hierarchical structure of a DTD/XSD) to improve the performance of the Schema Matching process. The design of XML Matchers is currently a well-established research area. The main goal of this paper is to provide a detailed description and classification of XML Matchers. We first describe to what extent the specificities of DTDs/XSDs impact on the Schema Matching task. Then we introduce a template, called XML Matcher Template, that describes the main components of an XML Matcher, their role and behavior. We illustrate how each of these components has been implemented in some popular XML Matchers. We consider our XML Matcher Template as the baseline for objectively comparing approaches that, at first glance, might appear as unrelated. The introduction of this template can be useful in the design of future XML Matchers. Finally, we analyze commercial tools implementing XML Matchers and introduce two challenging issues strictly related to this topic, namely XML source clustering and uncertainty management in XML Matchers.Comment: 34 pages, 8 tables, 7 figure

The Family Preservation Philosophy and Therapy With Lesbian Clients

Family preservation is generally viewed in terms of a rather narrow practice definition. However, it\u27s underlying philosophy offers a strong framework for building a positive, nonbiased helping alliance with lesbian clients in a therapeutic setting. The family preservation philosophy offers a unique heuristic for helping professionals to work with lesbians. Family preservation values teach that the therapist must start with the client\u27s reality, recognize the particular needs of that client, and use the client\u27s strengths in treatment. Also inherent in this perspective is respect and sensitivity to the lesbian client\u27s cultural context, experience, and history (Family Preservation Institute, 1995). In other words, in the family preservation philosophy there is no assumption of heterosexuality in the therapeutic relationship; rather there is an assumption of unconditional positive regard. Further, clients are engaged in a dialogue and encouraged to name the challenges they encounter in their own words, from their own perspective. All of these principles will help empower lesbian clients. Lesbians may avoid traditional mental health services in times of need, preferring to depend on alternative services or friendship support networks. The choice not to seek help through mainstream agencies may be based on previous negative experience or on an assumption of the homophobic attitudes which are often inherent in such services. Traditional services are usually based on the medical model. Services based on the family preservation philosophy, however, have the capability of creating therapeutic relationships in which there is no assumption of heterosexuality, where the lesbian client is respected and viewed as a whole, healthy individual

Otro título: Guía de la Semana Santa de Palencia

Tít. tomado de la cub.Variaciones en el formato.A partir de 1995 como subtít.: Programa oficial, actos, cultos y desfiles procesionales.Desde 1992 a 2013, organiza: Junta Pro-Semana Santa de Palencia

Colecionando memórias

A noção de tempo cada vez mais curto, embora ele continue sendo o mesmo, dilui a presença física das relações sociais e caminha para relações conectadas, mediadas pelas ferramentas eletrônicas, distantes, embora haja uma ideia ainda fortemente difundida pelas redes sociais cuja filosofia é a de conectar e aproximar pessoas. Quero chamar a atenção para um sintoma da literatura que está de acordo com o cotidiano nosso de cada dia e me pergunto: Se a memória é o antídoto dessa falência do tempo, então, por que esse recurso é tão empregado, hoje, nas produções literárias e nos discursos das redes sociais? Seriam essas plataformas virtuais grandes coleções de memórias aliadas a esse recurso? não seriam eles grandes arquivos na “nuvem”?The notion of time has becoming shorter, though it remains the same, the time dilutes the physical presence of social relationships and heading towards to connect relationships mediated by electronic tools, distant, although there is still a strongly idea diffused through social networks whose philosophy is connecting and bringing people together. I want to draw attention to a symptom of the literature, which is in agreement with our daily routine and I wonder if the memory is the antidote to this bankruptcy of time, then, why this feature is so employed today in the literary productions and the discourse of social networks? Are these virtual platforms large collections of memories combined with this feature? Would they not be large files in the “cloud”

A construção da segurança no caminho do gelo. Experiências de navegação e manobra no Atlântico do Noroeste

Fluxos e Riscos : Revista de Estudos SociaisApós uma breve introdução sobre as viagens organizadas por diversos exploradores do Noroeste do Atlântico desde o século XV, a fim de encontrar uma passagem navegável até o Oceano Pacífico, vários pesquisadores, a fim de alcançar o Pólo Norte, seguiram o panorama histórico das explorações Portuguesas sobre esses mares, cuja fauna piscatória era rica em em diversos peixes, especialmente bacalhau. A pesca do bacalhau inicialmente praticada pelos Portugueses e ao longo do tempo desde o século XVI até à sua quase extinção é brevemente descrita. A descrição inclui também a evolução dos navios, técnicas de pesca, eletrônica aplicada à função da pesca, comunicações e posição geográfica do navio. Além disso, as condições em que pescavam e os obstáculos que dificultavam o trabalho, tais como campos de gelo, icebergs, os ciclones tropicais (furacões), mar agitado e as medidas de segurança tomadas em navios e cuidados a serem tomados com as equipes também são objeto do presente artigo. Como o trabalho a bordo das embarcações era organizado e as relações entre os vários membros e hierarquias da tripulação, não só em termos de atividade da pesca, mas também sobre as condições de segurança para os membros da tripulação e do navio foram também analisados.After a short introduction on the voyages organized by several explorers of the Northwest Atlantic from the fifteenth century in order to find a navigable passage to the Pacific Ocean, several researchers, in order to reach the North Pole, have followed the historical overview of the Portuguese explorations on those seas whose fishing grounds that were rich in fish, especially cod. The early cod fishery made by the Portuguese through time from the sixteenth century until their near extinction is briefly described. The description also includes the evolution of vessels, fishing techniques, electronics applied to the function of fisheries, communications and geographic position of the vessel. Furthermore, conditions in which they fished and the obstacles that hindered the work, such as fields of ice, icebergs, tropical cyclones (hurricanes), heavy sea and the security measures taken on ships and cares to be taken with the crews are also object of the paper. How work on board of the vessels is organized and the relationships between the various members and hierarchies of the crew, not only in the terms of fishery activity but also on the safety conditions for crew members and ship were also analysed

Distinct expressions of the BSR using various frequencies offshore Uruguay and its correspondence with the gas hydrate stability zone

At the Uruguayan continental margin, seismic evidence for the occurrence of gas hydrate has been identified based on the presence of BSRs in densely spaced 2D reflection seismic sections from different surveys. Mapping of BSRs based on 2D seismic data acquired in 2007 and 2008 suggested the presence of gas hydrates in areas that were not previously identified; hence hydrate occurrence offshore Uruguay is more widespread than previously thought. Recently ANCAP has digitized offshore seismic data acquired between 1970 and 1982. Being able to work on this data using interpretation software, and integrating results with the latest interpretations performed on the seismic collected in 2007 and 2008, the BSR extends over an area of approximately 25.000 km2. It is present in water depths greater than 500 m and has high continuity in Pelotas Basin but is more discontinuous at Punta del Este Basin and southern part of Oriental del Plata Basin. In offshore basins around the world the base of GHSZ can have different seismic expressions such as continuous, segmented, and high-relief BSRs depending on the stratigraphic, fluid and geothermal setting. Here, we present examples of the influence of the acquisition parameters on the acoustic expression of the BSR, comparing commercial seismic sections acquired for hydrocarbon exploration and high resolution seismic sections acquired during the R/V Meteor Cruise M49/2 in 2001 and R/V Meteor Cruise M78/3a (May - June 2009) using different sources and streamer system. For the different data sets the BSR presents differences regarding its continuity and amplitude strength. In high resolution seismic, enhanced amplitudes and phase reversals are observed for several reflectors while deep penetration seismic shows only one single continuous reflector. This comparison may help to visualize the complexity of the free gas, gas hydrate and stratigraphic system behind the BSR, which is usually masked on low-frequency deep penetration seismic data