Social representations of COVID-19 vaccines: exploration of user-generated comments via online video sharing during the first year of the pandemic

The current study aimed to explore the public understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and the social representations emerging from a corpus of user-generated comments on YouTube videos posted during the year following the World Health Organization's declaration of the novel coronavirus as pandemic. We used Structural Topic Modelling to process the text and identified a 10-topic solution as the best to represent the corpus of text data. The exploration of the topics showed a complex landscape of social representations underlying a plurality of perspectives, which we interpreted as reflecting different users’ needs to make sense of the unprecedented events. Implications for theory, future research, and intervention for health psychology and policy are discussed

Anisakiasis and gastroallergic reactions associated with Anisakis pegreffii infection, Italy.

Human cases of gastric anisakiasis caused by the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii are increasing in Italy. The disease is caused by ingestion of larval nematodes in lightly cooked or raw seafood. Because symptoms are vague and serodiagnosis is difficult, the disease is often misdiagnosed and cases are understimated

QUANTIFICATION OF RESIDUAL CLOVE OIL, BENZOCAINE AND TRICAINE IN FISH FILLETS USING SPE AND UPLC-DAD

Residual quantification of the anesthetics clove oil (CO) – isoeugenol (ISO), eugenol (EUG) and methyleugenol (MET) –,benzocaine (BZN) and tricaine (MS-222) was made in fillets of two fish species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and acatfish hybrid, cachadia (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Samples (n=4) of each fish wereevaluated after submitted to anesthesia in five dosages defined based on the induction time of each species afterdepuration times (0h, 12h, 24h and 48h). Different methodologies of sample preparation were tested and selectedaccording to the better recovery. The quantification of anesthetics was performed by UPLC-DAD. The variance of residualmeans among anesthetics, dosages and fish species was compared. After anesthesia (0h) both species, tilapia andcachadia, presented residual anesthetics. Fishes depurated during 12h, 24h and 48h did not present detectable values, itmeans, values were below the limits of detection. BZN presented the highest mean residual concentration for tilapia andcachadia (p=0.01), while MS-222 presented the lowest residual amounts in tilapias and EUG in cachadias, what may berelated to the metabolism and carcass composition of each fish species. There were no significant differences among thefive dosages, except the lowest MS-222 concentration in tilapias that resulted in higher residual concentrations becauselow dosages increase the induction time and consequently the permanence of the fish in anesthesia. Ultimately, meanvalues of residues in cachadia were higher than in tilapia, and MS-222 and EUG presented the lowest residual values fortilapia and cachadia, respectively

Development and content validity of the perceived barriers with antiretroviral treatment scale.

Introdu??o: Pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHA) devem ser devidamente orientadas para iniciar a terapia antirretroviral (TARV), sendo importante identificar as dificuldades de PVHA com o tratamento, no intuito de realizar interven??es para prevenir uma poss?vel falha terap?utica. Objetivos: Desenvolver uma escala para avaliar a percep??o de dificuldades de PVHA com a TARV e analisar sua validade de conte?do. M?todos: Uma escala contendo 47 itens foi proposta a partir de um estudo qualitativo pr?vio e, entre junho e agosto de 2015, foi aplicada em 27 PVHA em tratamento no Hospital Eduardo de Menezes para avaliar a compreens?o dos itens pela popula??o alvo (an?lise sem?ntica). Os itens foram modificados e avaliados por tr?s ju?zes quanto ? relev?ncia, adequa??o e dimensionalidade, utilizando-se o coeficiente de validade do conte?do e coeficiente kappa. Resultados: Ap?s an?lise sem?ntica os itens foram reduzidos para 40. Nenhum item foi exclu?do ap?s an?lise de ju?zes, uma vez que todos foram considerados relevantes. Apenas 30% dos itens foram modificados ap?s serem considerados inadequados. A maior dificuldade dos ju?zes foi classificar itens sobre a adequa??o do medicamento ? rotina entre as dimens?es. Conclus?es: Os resultados apontaram a adequa??o da escala ao conte?do que ela pretende avaliar. A vers?o piloto da escala est? sendo testada empiricamente e poder? ser usada no servi?o de sa?de, em n?vel individual, identificando os casos nos quais ? necess?rio prover educa??o e aconselhamento ao paciente, bem como instrumento de pesquisa, em n?vel coletivo, para o planejamento de interven??es e de pol?ticas p?blicas.Introduction: People living with HIV (PLHIV) should be properly informed when starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is important to identify the difficulties of PLHIV, in order to implement interventions to prevent a possible treatment failure. Objectives: To develop a scale to measure the perceived difficulty of PLHIV with ART and analyze its content validity. Methods: A scale containing 47 items was proposed from previous qualitative study. Between June and August 2015, it was applied to 27 PLHIV under treatment at Eduardo de Menezes Hospital to assess the comprehension of items by the target population (semantic analysis). The items were modified and evaluated by three judges regarding the relevance, appropriateness and dimensionality, using the validity of the content and kappa coefficients. Results: After semantic analysis the items were reduced to 40. No items were excluded after analysis of judges, since all were considered relevant. Only 30% of the items were modified after being considered unsuitable. The main difficulty of judges was to evaluate items on their appropriateness of the medication use between dimensions. Conclusions: Results indicated the suitability of the scale to the content that it intends to evaluate. The scale of the pilot version is being tested empirically and can be used in the health service at the individual level, identifying cases where it is necessary to provide education and counseling to the patient, as well as a research tool, at the collective level, to plan interventions and public policies

Invasive meningococcal disease in three siblings with hereditary deficiency of the 8th component of complement: Evidence for the importance of an early diagnosis

Deficiency of the eighth component of complement (C8) is a very rare primary immunodeficiency, associated with invasive, recurrent infections mainly caused by Neisseria species. We report functional and immunochemical C8 deficiency diagnosed in three Albanian siblings who presented with severe meningococcal infections at the age of 15 years, 4 years and 17 months, respectively. The youngest suffered serious complications (necrosis of fingers and toes requiring amputation). METHODS: Functional activity of the classical, alternative and mannose-binding lectin complement pathways was measured in serum from the 3 siblings and their parents (37-year-old woman and 42-year-old man). Forty healthy subjects (20 males and 20 females aged 4-38 years) served as normal controls. Serum complement factors were measured by haemolytic assays and immunoblotting. Sequence DNA analysis of the C8B gene was performed. RESULTS: Analyses of the three complement pathways revealed no haemolytic activity and also absence of C8beta in serum samples from all three siblings. The genetic analysis showed that the three siblings were homozygous for the p.Arg428* mutation in the C8B gene on chromosome 1p32 (MIM 120960). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation and presented normal complement activities. A 2-year follow-up revealed no further infective episodes in the siblings after antibiotic prophylaxis and meningococcal vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Complement deficiencies are rare and their occurrence is often underestimated. In presence of invasive meningococcal infection, we highlight the importance of complement screening in patients and their relatives in order to discover any genetic defects which would render necessary prophylaxis to prevent recurrent infections and severe complications

Comparte la felicidad, educando sobre sexualidad con ciudadanos y ciudadanas habitantes de calle

Curso de Especial InterésLos habitantes de calle (en adelante CHC) se han convertido en una problemática social debido a la desarticulación, violencia y pobreza de la sociedad colombiana. A partir de esta situación se diseñó y elaboró la cartilla “Comparte la felicidad, educando sobre sexualidad con Ciudadanos y Ciudadanas Habitantes de calle” que aborda los cuatro holones de la sexualidad: Vinculación afectiva, erotismo, género y reproductividad, con el objetivo de promover la salud sexual y reproductiva, y la prevención de Infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluido el VIH/SIDA. Para identificar el contenido de la cartilla se realizó una entrevista estructurada de la cual se obtuvo la información a incluir en la cartilla, posteriormente validada en la unidad OASIS.Curso de Especial Interés1. Resumen 2. Justificación 3. Marco teórico 4. Objetivos de la investigación 5. Métodología 6. Estudio de mercado 7. Resultados 8. Discusión 9. Conclusiones 10. Recomendaciones 11. Referencias 12. ApéndicesPregradoPsicólog

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with a zero calcium score

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT coronary angiography (CT-CA) for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis in patients with zero on the Agatston Calcium Score (CACS). We enrolled 279 consecutive patients (96 male, mean age 48±12 years) with suspected coronary artery disease. Patients were symptomatic (n=208) or asymptomatic (n=71), and underwent conventional coronary angiography (CAG). For CT-CA we administered an IV bolus of 100 ml of iodinated contrast material. CT-CA was compared to CAG using a threshold for significant stenosis of ≤50%. The prevalence of disease demonstrated at CAG was 15% (1.4% in asymptomatic). The population at CAG showed no or non-significant disease in 85% (238/279), single vessel disease in 9% (25/279), and multi-vessel disease in 6% (16/279). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT-CA vs. CAG on the patient level were 100%, 95%, 76%, and 100% in the overall population and 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in asymptomatic patients, respectively. CT-CA proves high diagnostic performance in patients with or without symptoms and with zero CACS. The prevalence of significant disease detected by CT-CA was not negligible in asymptomatic patients. The role of CT-CA in asymptomatic patients remains uncertain