Spectral analysis of Markarian 421 and Markarian 501 with HAWC

The Hight Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory monitors the gamma-ray sky in the energy range from 100 GeV to 100 TeV and has detected two very high energy (VHE) blazars: Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) in 1.5 years of observations. In this work, we present the spectral analysis above 1 TeV of both sources using a maximum likelihood method and an artificial neural network as an energy estimator. The main objectives are to constrain the spectral curvature of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 at $\sim$5 TeV using the EBL models from Gilmore et al. (2012) and Franceschini et al. (2008).Comment: Presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea. See arXiv:1708.02572 for all HAWC contribution

Prevalence of QoI resistance and mtDNA diversity in the Irish Zymoseptoria tritici population

peer-reviewedThe emergence and spread of Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in the Irish Zymoseptoria tritici population in the early 2000s had immediate impacts on the efficacy of the entire group of fungicides for the control of septoria tritici blotch. As a result, a dramatic reduction in the quantities applied to winter wheat occurred in the following seasons. Even in the absence of these fungicides, the frequency of the resistance allele, G143A in the pathogens mtDNA has remained exceptionally high (>97%), and as such, it can be anticipated that continued poor efficacy of current QoI fungicides will be observed. Amongst the isolates with G143A, differences in sensitivity to the QoI pyraclostrobin were observed in vitro. The addition of the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid increased sensitivity in these isolates, suggesting some continued impairment of respiration by the QoI fungicides, albeit weak. Interestingly, amongst those tested, the strains from a site with a high frequency of inserts in the MFS1 transporter gene known to enhance QoI efflux did not exhibit this increase in sensitivity. A total of 19 mtDNA haplotypes were detected amongst the 2017 strain collection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the suggestion of a common ancestry of all the haplotypes, even though three of the haplotypes contained at least one sensitive strain

Boundedness of the Weyl fractional integral on one-sided weighted Lebesgue and Lipschitz spaces

In this paper we introduce the one-sided weighted spaces L−w (β), −1 <β< 1. The purpose of this definition is to obtain an extension of the Weyl fractional integral operator I+α from Lp w into a suitable weighted space. Under certain condition on the weight w, we have that L−w (0) coincides with the dual of the Hardy space H1 −(w). We prove for 0 <β< 1, that L− w (β) consists of all functions satisfying a weighted Lipschitz condition. In order to give another characterization of L− w (β), 0 ≤ β < 1, we also prove a one-sided version of John-Nirenberg Inequality. Finally, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the weight w for the boundedness of an extension of I+ α from Lp w into L− w (β), −1 <β< 1, and its extension to a bounded operator from L− w (0) into L− w (α)