La educación en el franquismo (1936-1975)

Este artículo se centra fundamentalmente en dos aspectos: los cambios y períodos educativos durante el régimen franquista (1936-1975) en relación con su naturaleza como dictadura, con su evolución y con otros regímenes dictatoriales, y las consecuencias o efectos que tuvo en los procesos de alfabetización, escolarización y feminización educativa en la España del siglo XX

Spanish nationalism: ethnic or civic?

ABSTRACT In recent years, it has been a common complaint among scholars to acknowledge the lack of research on Spanish nationalism. This article addresses the gap by giving an historical overview of ‘ethnic ’ and ‘civic ’ Spanish nationalist discourses during the last two centuries. It is argued here that Spanish nationalism is not a unified ideology but it has, at least, two varieties. During the 19th-century, both a ‘liberal ’ and a ‘conservative-traditionalist ’ nationalist discourse were formu-lated and these competed against each other for hegemony within the Spanish market of ideas. In the 20th-century, these two discourses continued to be present and became backbones of different political regimes. However, after the emergence of the Basque and Catalan nationalist movements, Spanish nationalists unified as a counter-force to these regional sources of identity. In fact, one can see 20th-century Spanish nationalism as a dialectical struggle between the centre and the periphery