1,815 research outputs found
Enterprise Risk Management, Corporate Governance And Systemic Risk: Some Research Perspectives
The general goal of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) processes is to
generate economic value through the coverage of firm business risk, on
the one hand, and by exploiting the positive side of uncertainty
conditions, on the other hand.
The increasing attention attributed to ERM in the creation of
economic value has led to even greater interactions between risk
management mechanisms and the corporate governance system.
In other words, in the last two decades, the relationships between
corporate governance and ERM increased since the ERM processes have
been considered more and more as critical drivers to combine strategic
objectives with relative low volatility of company performance. The basic
idea is that a good corporate governance system must deal about specific
risks along with their interactions and, at the same time, the firm’s
business risk as a whole. Moreover, an efficient and effective ERM
system provides clear information about linkages between strategic
opportunities and risk exposure and offers tools able to manage in an
optimal way the negative side of business risk (or downside risk) as wellas its positive side (or upside risk).
Accordingly, extant studies concerning the relationships between
ERM and corporate governance have been focusing on a micro-level of
analyses (i.e., the individual organization) and, specifically, on a firm’s
benefits that stem from the adoption of proper ERM processes that are
consistent with corporate governance goals and are able to sustain the
increase of economic value while maintaining a bearable business risk
over time.
From our initial analyses, a gap in literature arises. We argue that
the interdependence between ERM and corporate governance may be
analyzed from a broader point of view as well (i.e., the firm and its task
environment composed by its suppliers, customers, and partners). In
particular, our research idea is to enlarge traditional studies about
interrelations between corporate governance and ERM taking into
account whether such interrelations could be a driver of risk transfer
from the focal organization to other organizations that belong to its task
environment. Moreover, this study aims to deepen the mechanisms by
which the transfer of risk from a focal organization to its task
environment may foster the emergence of systemic risk, i.e., a macro risk
coming from domino and/or network effects.
Therefore, our paper aims to find new research areas by combining
micro and macro issues tied to corporate governance, ERM and systemic
risk.
The starting point of our work is the three following assumptions:
1) The compliance of a firm to ERM processes as well as to corporate
governance rules implies the reduction as much as possible of firm
business risk;
2) The reduction of the firm business risk leads to externalizing the
firm business risk through risk-sharing mechanisms;
3) The risk-sharing may arise like a driver of systemic risk
especially in those industries featured by strong network interrelations.
Starting from the above assumptions, the paper goal is to open a
new research area which combines four academic fields (ERM, corporate
governance, corporate finance, and macro-finance). So far, our initial
findings tell us that the following research questions arise:
RQ1: What are the conditions under which the transfer of business
risk towards organizations that belong to a firm task environment is
likely to become a source of systemic risk in a specific industry?
RQ2: How does the capital structure of a focal firm affect its
propensity to transfer business risk not only to commercial but also to
financial stakeholders included in firm task environment?
RQ3: How does the transfer of business risk influence the capital
cost of the focal firm as well as of the organizations that absorbed such
risk
A view from inside iron-based superconductors
Muon spin spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to investigate the
microscopic properties of superconductors. In this manuscript, an overview on
some of the main achievements obtained by this technique in the iron-based
superconductors (IBS) are presented. It is shown how the muons allow to probe
the whole phase diagram of IBS, from the magnetic to the superconducting phase,
and their sensitivity to unravel the modifications of the magnetic and the
superconducting order parameters, as the phase diagram is spanned either by
charge doping, by an external pressure or by introducing magnetic and
non-magnetic impurities. Moreover, it is highlighted that the muons are unique
probes for the study of the nanoscopic coexistence between magnetism and
superconductivity taking place at the crossover between the two ground-states.Comment: 28 pages, 18 figure
Critical chain length and superconductivity emergence in oxygen-equalized pairs of YBa2Cu3O6.30
The oxygen-order dependent emergence of superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6+x is
studied, for the first time in a comparative way, on pair samples having the
same oxygen content and thermal history, but different Cu(1)Ox chain
arrangements deriving from their intercalated and deintercalated nature.
Structural and electronic non-equivalence of pairs samples is detected in the
critical region and found to be related, on microscopic scale, to a different
average chain length, which, on being experimentally determined by nuclear
quadrupole resonance (NQR), sheds new light on the concept of critical chain
length for hole doping efficiency.Comment: 7 RevTex pages, 2 Postscript figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Evidence for impurity-induced frustration in La2CuO4
Zero-field muon spin rotation and magnetization measurements were performed
in La2Cu{1-x}MxO4, for 0<x< 0.12, where Cu2+ is replaced either by M=Zn2+ or by
M=Mg2+ spinless impurity. It is shown that while the doping dependence of the
sublattice magnetization (M(x)) is nearly the same for both compounds, the
N\'eel temperature (T_N(x)) decreases unambiguously more rapidly in the
Zn-doped compound. This difference, not taken into account within a simple
dilution model, is associated with the frustration induced by the Zn2+ impurity
onto the Cu2+ antiferromagnetic lattice. In fact, from T_N(x) and M(x) the spin
stiffness is derived and found to be reduced by Zn doping more significantly
than expected within a dilution model. The effect of the structural
modifications induced by doping on the exchange coupling is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Modification of magnetic and transport properties of manganite layers in Au/La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3/SrTiO_3 interfaces
The effect of gold capping on magnetic and transport properties of optimally
doped manganite thin films is studied. An extraordinary suppression of
conductivity and magnetic properties occurs in epitaxial (001)
La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 (LSMO) films grown on SrTiO_3 upon deposition of 2 nm of
Au: in the case of ultrathin films of LSMO (4 nm thick) the resistivity
increases by four orders of magnitude while the Curie temperature decreases by
180 K. Zero-field 55Mn nuclear magnetic resonance reveals a significant
reduction of ferromagnetic double-exchange mechanism in manganite films upon
the gold capping. We find evidence for the formation of a 1.9-nm thick magnetic
"dead-layer" at the Au/LSMO interface, associated with the creation of
interfacial non double-exchange insulating phases.Comment: 4 figure
Correlated trends of coexisting magnetism and superconductivity in optimally electron-doped oxy-pnictides
We report on the recovery of the short-range static magnetic order and on the
concomitant degradation of the superconducting state in optimally F-doped
SmFe_(1-x)Ru_(x)AsO_0.85F_0.15 for 0.1< x<0.6. The two reduced order parameters
coexist within nanometer-size domains in the FeAs layers and finally disappear
around a common critical threshold x_c=0.6. Superconductivity and magnetism are
shown to be closely related to two distinct well-defined local electronic
environments of the FeAs layers. The two transition temperatures, controlled by
the isoelectronic and diamagnetic Ru substitution, scale with the volume
fraction of the corresponding environments. This fact indicates that
superconductivity is assisted by magnetic fluctuations, which are frozen
whenever a short-range static order appears, and totally vanish above the
magnetic dilution threshold x_c.Comment: Approved for publication in Phys. Rev. Letter
The poisoning effect of Mn in LaFe(1-x)Mn(x)AsO(0.89)F(0.11): unveiling a quantum critical point in the phase diagram of iron-based superconductors
A superconducting-to-magnetic transition is reported for
LaFeMnAsOF where a per thousand amount of Mn
impurities is dispersed. By employing local spectroscopic techniques like muon
spin rotation (muSR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) on compounds with
Mn contents ranging from x=0.025% to x=0.75%, we find that the electronic
properties are extremely sensitive to the Mn impurities. In fact, a small
amount of Mn as low as 0.2% suppresses superconductivity completely. Static
magnetism, involving the FeAs planes, is observed to arise for x > 0.1% and
becomes further enhanced upon increasing Mn substitution. Also a progressive
increase of low energy spin fluctuations, leading to an enhancement of the NQR
spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1, is observed upon Mn substitution. The
analysis of 1/T1 for the sample closest to the the crossover between
superconductivity and magnetism (x = 0.2%) points towards the presence of an
antiferromagnetic quantum critical point around that doping level.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Singling out the effect of quenched disorder in the phase diagram of cuprates
We investigate the specific influence of structural disorder on the
suppression of antiferromagnetic order and on the emergence of cuprate
superconductivity. We single out pure disorder, by focusing on a series of
YEuBaCuO samples at fixed oxygen content
, in the range . The gradual Y/Eu isovalent substitution
smoothly drives the system through the Mott-insulator to superconductor
transition from a full antiferromagnet with N\'eel transition K at
to a bulk superconductor with superconducting critical temperature
K at , YBaCuO. The electronic properties are
finely tuned by gradual lattice deformations induced by the different cationic
radii of the two lanthanides, inducing a continuous change of the basal Cu(1)-O
chain length, as well as a controlled amount of disorder in the active
Cu(2)O bilayers. We check that internal charge transfer from the basal to
the active plane is entirely responsible for the doping of the latter and we
show that superconductivity emerges with orthorhombicity. By comparing
transition temperatures with those of the isoelectronic clean system we
deterime the influence of pure structural disorder connected with the Y/Eu
alloy.Comment: 10 pages 11 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed
Matter, Special Issue in memory of Prof. Sandro Massid
The onset of magnetism peaked around x=1/4 in optimally electron-doped LnFe(1-x)Ru(x)AsO(1-y)F(y) (Ln = La, Nd or Sm) superconductors
The appearance of static magnetism, nanoscopically coexisting with
superconductivity, is shown to be a general feature of optimally electron-doped
LnFe(1-x)Ru(x)AsO(1-y)F(y) superconductor (Ln - lanthanide ion) upon isovalent
substitution of Fe by Ru. The magnetic ordering temperature T_N and the
magnitude of the internal field display a dome-like dependence on x, peaked
around x=1/4, with higher T_N values for those materials characterized by a
larger z cell coordinate of As. Remarkably, the latter are also those with the
highest superconducting transition temperature (T_c) for x=0. The reduction of
T_c(x) is found to be significant in the x region of the phase diagram where
the static magnetism develops. Upon increasing the Ru content superconductivity
eventually disappears, but only at x=0.6.Comment: accepted for publication in PR
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