Atomic Focusing by Quantum Fields: Entanglement Properties

The coherent manipulation of the atomic matter waves is of great interest both in science and technology. In order to study how an atom optic device alters the coherence of an atomic beam, we consider the quantum lens proposed by Averbukh et al [1] to show the discrete nature of the electromagnetic field. We extend the analysis of this quantum lens to the study of another essentially quantum property present in the focusing process, i.e., the atom-field entanglement, and show how the initial atomic coherence and purity are affected by the entanglement. The dynamics of this process is obtained in closed form. We calculate the beam quality factor and the trace of the square of the reduced density matrix as a function of the average photon number in order to analyze the coherence and purity of the atomic beam during the focusing process.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

DSS-Saltirsoil: un sistema de ayuda a la decisión en internet para la obtención de recomendaciones de gestión del riego y el cultivo en tierras amenazadas por salinización

En el presente trabajo se presenta un ejemplo de utilización del sistema de ayuda a la decisión DSS-SALTIRSOIL para la recomendación del riego en una plantación de caqui “Rojo Brillante” en la zona de riegos del Magro de la Ribera del Xúquer (Valencia). De acuerdo con la simulación realizada con datos de la zona representativos de su meteorología (año 2010), suelo (franco arcilloso), calidad de agua (2.3 dS/m) y manejo del riego (goteo) y el cultivo, se esperaría una pérdida del 15% de producción como consecuencia de la salinización. Un incremento de la dotación anual de riego de 140 mm, o una disminución de la salinidad hasta 2.0 dS/m reducirían dicha pérdidas a tan solo un 10% en dicho año de meteorología media. No obstante, la simulación del periodo 2000-2015 indica que una disminución de 100 mm en la precipitación anual media supone una amenaza de pérdida de producción de más del 20% en promedio. En consecuencia una solución satisfactoria a los problemas de salinidad en el cultivo del caqui en la zona pasa necesariamente por usar aguas de riego de salinidad más baja (< 2.0 dS/m), o bien por un cambio del patrón del caqui a uno más tolerante a la salinidad como es el D. virginiana.In this article an example of utilization of the decision support system DSSSALTIRSOIL is shown for the recommendation of irrigation in a persimmon "Rojo Brillante" plantation in the Magro irrigation district in the Ribera del Xúquer (Valencia). According to the simulation carried out with data from the area, which is representative of the meteorology (2010), soil (clay loam), water quality (2.3 dS / m) and irrigation (drip) and crop management, 15% yield losses would be expected as a result of salinization. An increase in the annual irrigation dose of 140 mm, or a decrease in salinity down to 2.0 dS / m would reduce such losses to only 10% in such a year of average meteorology. However, the simulation of the span 2000-2015 indicates that an average decrease of 100 mm in the annual rainfall poses a threat of yield losses over 20% on average. Consequently a satisfactory solution for the salinity problems in persimmon cropping in the area necessarily involves using irrigation water of lower salinity (<2.0 dS / m), or replacing the persimmon rootstock by a more salttolerant one such as the D. virginiana.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación 14592-C02-01Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2009-14592-C02-0

Hydro-economic model for the assessment of water resources allocation and availability impacts on agricultural income.

RESUMO: A sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Buriti Vermelho (BHBV), localizada nas proximidades de Brasília, caracteriza-se por intensa atividade agrícola desenvolvida sob uma distribuição heterogênea de água ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Neswte contexto, o artigo desenvolve um modelo hidro-econômico para quantificação dos impactos de curto-prazo na renda regional agrícola de mudanças nos regimes de precipitação e de disponibilidade de água. O modelo econômico se baseia no método de Programação Matemática Positiva que possibilita a construção de funções de produção agrícolas específicas por cultura e por produtor rural, mesmo para pequenas áreas com poucas observações. Do lado hidrológico, um modelo de naturalização de vazões acoplado a um modelo de balanço de água no solo é utilizado para a estimativa da vazão do rio e dos canais de irrigação. Os modelos econômico e hidrológico são interligados e calibrados com dados primários coletados in situ. Considerando as características hídricas da região, as quais, em anos típicos, garantem uma oferta de água para irrigação nos reservatórios bem acima da demanda, e que culturas irrigadas tem um peso muito maior na composição da receita líquida da região do que culturas de sequeiro, os resultados preliminares indicam que uma redução de 5% na disponibilidade de água e na precipitação provocaria uma queda de apenas 1,2% na receita líquida da sub-bacia. Este porcentual, contudo, aumentaria para 11% e 32%, quando a disponibilidade de água e precipitação se reduzissem para 50 e 90%, respectivamente. ABSTRACT: The Buriti Vermelho experimental Basin (BHBV) is characterized by agricultural activities, seasonal water flow uncertainty and heterogeneous water allocation among rural farmers. In this context, this paper follows an interdisciplinary modeling approach that involves economics, hydrology and agronomy. The model developed is then used to evaluate the short-run impacts on agricultural income from changes on precipitation and irrigation water supply. The economic regional model follows a Positive Mathematical Programming approach which allows for the calibration of crop and farmer specific production functions. The hydrological model follows a water balance approach and yields water availability estimates on a proper time and spatial resolution. The two models are coupled together and calibrated with primary data collected in situ. Alternative temperature and precipitation regimes are simulated. Considering that the hydrologic characteristics of the region which, in normal years, guarantees a much higher supply of water for irrigation in the reservoirs relatively to demand and the fact that irrigated crops have a much heavier weight on the net revenue of the region than rainfed crops, a 5% decrease in water availability would be accompanied by a decrease of only 1.2% in the regional net revenue. This percentage, however, would increase to 11% and 32% when water availability reduces to 50 and 90% respectively. KEYWORDS: Water resources, agriculture, irrigation

Noise models for superoperators in the chord representation

We study many-qubit generalizations of quantum noise channels that can be written as an incoherent sum of translations in phase space. Physical description in terms of the spectral properties of the superoperator and the action in phase space are provided. A very natural description of decoherence leading to a preferred basis is achieved with diffusion along a phase space line. The numerical advantages of using the chord representation are illustrated in the case of coarse-graining noise.Comment: 8 pages, 5 .ps figures (RevTeX4). Submitted to Phys. Rev. A. minor changes made, according to referee suggestion

Inflammatory and anti-inflammatoy response after swimming acute effort

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la respuesta inflamatoria y antiinflamatoria a un esfuerzo agudo e intenso de natación, durante la fase preparatoria para los campeonatos nacionales absolutos brasileños. Participaron 20 nadadores. Se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de IL-6, TNF- α, sTNFR1, IP-10 y MCP-1, antes y 40 minutos después de 2 series de 4 repeticiones de 50 metros nadados a la máxima intensidad con 3 minutos de recuperación entre cada repetición y una recuperación activa nadando 1500m a intensidad suave después de cada una de las dos series. En respuesta al ejercicio agudo únicamente la concentración sTNFR1 se redujo, no presentando cambios en IP-10, IL-6 ni TNF-α. Por tanto el ejercicio agudo en natación en personas bien entrenadas no parece producir una respuesta inflamatoriaThe mean of the study was to analyze the inflammatory and antiinflammatory response to an intense and intense swimming effort during the preparatory phase for the Brazilian National Adult Championship. Twenty swimmers participated. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IP-10 and MCP-1 were determined before and 40 minutes after 2 sets of 4 repetitions of 50 meters swam at maximum intensity with 3 minutes of recovery between each repetition and an active recovery swimming 1500m at low intensity after each of the two series. In response to acute exercise only the sTNFR1 concentration was reduced, with no changes in IP-10, IL-6 or TNF-α. Thus, acute exercise in swimming in well-trained people does not seem to produce an inflammatory respons

Inflammatory and anti-inflammatoy response after swimming acute effort

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la respuesta inflamatoria y antiinflamatoria a un esfuerzo agudo e intenso de natación, durante la fase preparatoria para los campeonatos nacionales absolutos brasileños. Participaron 20 nadadores. Se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de IL-6, TNF- α, sTNFR1, IP-10 y MCP-1, antes y 40 minutos después de 2 series de 4 repeticiones de 50 metros nadados a la máxima intensidad con 3 minutos de recuperación entre cada repetición y una recuperación activa nadando 1500m a intensidad suave después de cada una de las dos series. En respuesta al ejercicio agudo únicamente la concentración sTNFR1 se redujo, no presentando cambios en IP-10, IL-6 ni TNF-α. Por tanto el ejercicio agudo en natación en personas bien entrenadas no parece producir una respuesta inflamatoriaThe mean of the study was to analyze the inflammatory and antiinflammatory response to an intense and intense swimming effort during the preparatory phase for the Brazilian National Adult Championship. Twenty swimmers participated. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IP-10 and MCP-1 were determined before and 40 minutes after 2 sets of 4 repetitions of 50 meters swam at maximum intensity with 3 minutes of recovery between each repetition and an active recovery swimming 1500m at low intensity after each of the two series. In response to acute exercise only the sTNFR1 concentration was reduced, with no changes in IP-10, IL-6 or TNF-α. Thus, acute exercise in swimming in well-trained people does not seem to produce an inflammatory respons