Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for coupled analysis of a damaged ship with internal sloshing in beam seas

The flooding of a damaged ship in waves is a complex process, often coupled with the internal and external liquid motion together with the ship hull motion. Paramount to the operation safety, in order to improve the prediction accuracy of ship motion during the flooding process, the strip theory is applied to study the dynamic response of the damaged ship in beam seas; a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model is developed to consider the coupling effects of various factors including internal sloshing of intact cabins and damaged cabins and external waves. The numerical wave tank with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is established and validated by the experimental results. The detailed sensitivity study is carried out focusing on the effects of damaged opening sizes, the relative position of opening, and the incident wave and the liquid loading conditions on the dynamic response of the damaged ship in regular beam waves. It is observed that the flooding process was slowed down and interrupted by the water exchanges at the damaged opening due to the dynamic motion. Compared with the opening facing the incident wave, the back one endangered the ship pronouncedly with large amplitude and frequency roll motion. It is also revealed that the liquid tank in the damaged ship imposes a significant influence on its rolling response. It is further demonstrated that the present SPH model is capable of handling the nonlinear phenomenon in a flooding process of a damaged ship