A new chrysochlorid from Makapansgat

Main articleIn this paper a new species of golden mole Chrysotricha hamiltoni sp. nov. from Limeworks, Makapansgat, is described. This is the first occurrence of a fossil golden mole at this site; two fossil forms (Proamblysomus antiquus Broom and Chlorotalpa spelea Broom) have previously been recorded from Sterkfontein.Non

A preliminary investigation of the mammalian microfauna in Pleistocene deposits of caves in the Transvaal system

Main articleThis investigation aims to extend our knowledge of the fossil mammalian microfauna found in the Australopithecus-bearing breccias of the Transvaal System at Taung, Sterkfontein and Makapansgat. The available data derived from other localities such as Kromdraai and Bolt's Farm have been incorporated. The origin of these fossils, the method of extraction from the breccias, and a brief review of the geological nature of the deposits under consideration are discussed.Non

Histone modification during the induction of tyrosine transaminase

"The induction phenomenon is a useful model for the study of mechanisms which regulate the synthesis of specific enzymes in mammalian tissue, as well as for the role of hormones in this process". The in vivo administration of hormone initiates a chain of reactions which culminate in the increase of protein synthesis. Many hepatic enzymes are thus affected resulting in an increase of their activity. Studies of the giant chromosomes in the salivary glands of Chironomus tentans provided the first indications that the earliest intracellular effects of hormone administration are at the genetic level. Injection of the insect moulting hormone, ecdysone, into last instar larvae of Chironomus tentans results in puff formation at specific loci of the chromosomes shortly after hormone administration. Since puffs are local and reversible alterations of the chromosome, formed at sites which are active in the synthesis of informational RNA, their formation shows a change in activity of particular gene loci in response to ecdysone

Anaerobic Treatment of Concentrated Black Water in UASB Reactor at a Short HRT

This research describes the feasibility of applying a UASB reactor for the treatment of concentrated black (toilet) water at 25 °C. On average 78% of the influent load of COD at an HRT of 8.7 days was removed. Produced methane can be converted to 56 MJ/p/y as electricity and 84 MJ/p/y as heat by combined heat and power (CHP). Minimum reactor volume at full scale was calculated to be 63L per person (for black water containing 16 gCOD/L produced at 5 L/p/d) and this is more than two times smaller than other type of reactors for anaerobic treatment of concentrated black wate

Higher return to pre-injury type of sports after revision anterior ligament reconstruction with lateral extra-articular tenodesis compared to without lateral extra-articular tenodesis

PurposeTo evaluate the rate of return to pre-injury type of sports (RTS type) in patients after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) compared to patients after revision ACLR without LET.MethodsSeventy-eight patients who underwent revision ACLR with an autologous ipsilateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft with and without LET were included at least one year after surgery (mean follow-up: 43.9, SD: 29.2 months). All patients filled in a questionnaire about RTS type, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form (IKDCsubjective), and the Tegner activity score.ResultsThe RTS type for revision ACLR with LET was 22 of 42 (52%), whereas 11 of 36 (31%) of the patients who underwent revision ACLR without LET returned to the pre-injury type of sport (p = 0.05). No significant differences were found in KOOS subscores, IKDCsubjective, and Tegner activity scores.ConclusionAn additional LET increases the rate of RTS type after revision ACLR

Structure of trans-bis[4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-N1,N'[diaqua- manganese(II) dibromide

[Mn(C12H10N6)2(H2O)2]Br2, Mr = 727.28, orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 10.734 (6), b = 17.084 (0), c = 15.182 (6) angstrom, V = 2784 angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.734 g cm-3, lambda-(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71073 angstrom, mu = 33.23 cm-1, F(000) = 1450, T = 295 K, final R = 0.032 for 1493 reflections [I > 2-sigma(I)]. The title compound is the first reported mononuclear compound with the ligand 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole. The manganese ions, situated on an inversion centre, are coordinated by four nitrogen atoms with an N-Mn-N angle of 74.1 (1)-degrees and Mn-N distances of 2.188 (4) and 2.266 (4) angstrom. Two axial water molecules [Mn-O = 2.200 (4) angstrom] complete the coordination sphere of the metal, which is pseudo-octahedral. The two bromide ions are not coordinated but are involved in an extended hydrogen-bridging network with the water ligands and the amino group of the triazole

A systematic review of the energy and climate impacts of teleworking

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) increasingly enable employees to work from home and other locations (‘teleworking’). This study explores the extent to which teleworking reduces the need to travel to work and the consequent impacts on economy-wide energy consumption. Methods/Design: The paper provides a systematic review of the current state of knowledge of the energy impacts of teleworking. This includes the energy savings from reduced commuter travel and the indirect impacts on energy consumption associated with changes in non-work travel and home energy consumption. The aim is to identify the conditions under which teleworking leads to a net reduction in economy-wide energy consumption, and the circumstances where benefits may be outweighed by unintended impacts. The paper synthesises the results of 39 empirical studies, identified through a comprehensive search of 9,000 published articles. Review results/Synthesis: Twenty six of the 39 studies suggest that teleworking reduces energy use, and only eight studies suggest that teleworking increases, or has a neutral impact on energy use. However, differences in the methodology, scope and assumptions of the different studies make it difficult to estimate ‘average’ energy savings. The main source of savings is the reduced distance travelled for commuting, potentially with an additional contribution from lower office energy consumption. However, the more rigorous studies that include a wider range of impacts (e.g. non-work travel or home energy use) generally find smaller savings. Discussion: Despite the generally positive verdict on teleworking as an energy-saving practice, there are numerous uncertainties and ambiguities about its actual or potential benefits. These relate to the extent to which teleworking may lead to unpredictable increases in non-work travel and home energy use that may outweigh the gains from reduced work travel. The available evidence suggests that economy-wide energy savings are typically modest, and in many circumstances could be negative or non-existent

Hypertension with hidden causes:the cognitive and behavioral profile of an adult female with chronic stress and 16p11.2 microdeletion

This case report aims to alert physicians to neuropsychological features and chromosomal variants that may underly resistant hypertension. We present a 35-year-old female patient with hypertensive crisis (BP 260/160 mmHg), initially treated with a combination of calcium antagonists, beta blockers, diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors, though with little improvement. Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, and glucocorticoid receptor deficiency were ruled out. Multidisciplinary examination of medical history and (hetero)anamneses including psychosocial factors revealed mild dysmorphic body features, developmental delay, early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, a history of being bullied at school, little peer contact, learning disabilities, and special education. Neuropsychological assessment demonstrated below average to low average intelligence quotient, cognitive impairments, and psychopathology. Parallel genetic analyses revealed a rare 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. These concurrent examinations explained the patient's life-long high stress levels. After psychological treatment, with additional support at home, her blood pressure lowered to normal levels and antihypertensive drugs were no longer needed.</p