Introduction:navigating secrecy in security research

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book offers a rich set of analyses of the challenges of secrecy in security research, and sets out practical ways to navigate, encircle and work with secrecy. It aims to offer not just a conceptual reflection on the dynamics of secrecy, but also practical, hands-on methodological guidance for qualitative fieldwork in the security domain. The book describes new ways of conceptualising secrecy in relation to fieldwork, by understanding secrecy as more than a barrier to be overcome. It shows how secrecy itself can be made productive to the analysis: mapping secrecies and sensitivities in the field can itself be revealing; navigating obfuscation is co-productive of research design and data. The book focuses on reconceptualising secrecy as a complex practice and mode of power

Looking for interaction: quantitative measurement of research utilization by Dutch local health officials

Background: In the Netherlands, local authorities are required by law to develop local health memoranda, based on epidemiological analyses. The purpose of this study was to assess the actual use of these epidemiological reports by municipal health officials and associated factors that affect this use.Method: Based on a conceptual framework, we designed a questionnaire in which we operationalized instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic use, the interaction between researchers and local health officials, and four clusters of barriers in this interaction process. We conducted an internet survey among 155 Dutch local health officials representing 35% of all Dutch municipalities. By means of multiple regression analyses, we gained insight into the related factors for each of the three types of research utilization.Results: The results show that local health officials use epidemiological research more often in a conceptual than an instrumental or symbolic way. This can be explained by the complexity of the local policy process which is often linked to policies in other areas, and the various policy actors involved. Conceptual use was statistically associated with a presentation given by the epidemiologist during the policy process, the presence of obstructions regarding the report's accessibility, and the local official's personal belief systems and interests originating from different professional values and responsibilities. Instrumental and symbolic use increased with the involvement of local officials in the research process.Conclusions: The results of this study provide a partial solution to understanding and influencing research utilization. The quantitative approach underpins earlier qualitative findings on this topic. The outcomes suggest that RPHS epidemiologists can use different strategies to improve research utilization. 'Blurring the boundaries', and the enhancement of interfaces between epidemiologists and local health officials, like direct interactions into each other's work processes, is expected to create better possibilities for optimizing research use

Temporal variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurrence in individuals with or without diabetes

Objective: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurrence has been shown to exhibit a circadian rhythm, following the circadian rhythm of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurrence. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with changes in circadian rhythm. We aimed to compare the temporal variation of OHCA occurrence over the day and week between OHCA patients with DM and those without.Methods: In two population-based OHCA registries (Amsterdam Resuscitation Studies [ARREST] 2010-2016, n = 4163, and Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry [DANCAR], 2010-2014, n = 12,734), adults (≥18y) with presumed cardiac cause of OHCA and available medical history were included. Single and double cosinor analysis was performed to model circadian variation of OHCA occurrence. Stratified analysis of circadian variation was performed in patients with AMI as immediate cause of OHCA.Results: DM patients (22.8% in ARREST, 24.2% in DANCAR) were older and more frequently had cardiovascular risk factors or previous cardiovascular disease. Both cohorts showed 24 h-rhythmicity, with significant amplitudes in single and double cosinor functions (P-range &lt; 0.001). In both registries, a morning peak (10:00-11:00) and an evening peak (20:00-21:00) was observed in both DM and non-DM patients. No septadian variation was observed in either DM or non-DM patients (P-range 0.13-84).Conclusions: In these two population-based OHCA registries, we observed a similar circadian rhythm of OHCA occurrence in DM and non-DM patients.</p