1,371 research outputs found
MHD simulations of radiative jets from young stellar objects: Halpha emission
We study the H emission from jets using two-dimensional
axisymmetrical simulations. We compare the emission obtained from hydrodynamic
(HD) simulations with that obtained from magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
simulations. The magnetic field is supposed to be present in the jet only, and
with a toroidal configuration. The simulations have time-dependent ejection
velocities and different intensities for the initial magnetic field. The
results show an increase in the H emission along the jet for the
magnetized cases with respect to the HD case. The increase in the emission is
due to a better collimation of the jet in the MHD case, and to a small increase
in the shock velocity. These results could have important implications for the
interpretation of the observations of jets from young stellar objects.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication by A&
The dynamics of internal working surfaces in MHD jets
The dynamical effects of magnetic fields in models of radiative, Herbig-Haro
(HH) jets have been studied in a number of papers. For example, magnetized,
radiative jets from variable sources have been studied with axisymmetric and 3D
numerical simulations. In this paper, we present an analytic model describing
the effect of a toroidal magnetic field on the internal working surfaces that
result from a variability in the ejection velocity. We find that for parameters
appropriate for HH jets the forces associated with the magnetic field dominate
over the gas pressure force within the working surfaces. Depending on the ram
pressure radial cross section of the jet, the magnetic field can produce a
strong axial pinch, or, alternatively, a broadening of the internal working
surfaces. We check the validity of the analytic model with axisymmetric
numerical simulations of variable, magnetized jets.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. ApJ in pres
Simulations of GRB Jets in a Stratified External Medium: Dynamics, Afterglow Lightcurves, Jet Breaks and Radio Calorimetry
The dynamics of GRB jets during the afterglow phase is most reliably and
accurately modelled using hydrodynamic simulations. All published simulations,
however, have considered only a uniform external medium, while a stratified
external medium is expected around long duration GRB progenitors. Here we
present simulations of the dynamics of GRB jets and the resulting afterglow
emission for both uniform and stratified external media with for k = 0, 1, 2. The simulations are performed in 2D using the special
relativistic version of the Mezcal code. The dynamics for stratified external
media are broadly similar to those derived for expansion into a uniform
external medium. The jet half-opening angle start increasing logarithmically
with time once the Lorentz factor drops below 1/theta_0. For larger k values
the lateral expansion is faster at early times and slower at late times with
the jet expansion becoming Newtonian and slowly approaching spherical symmetry
over progressively longer timescales. We find that contrary to analytic
expectations, there is a reasonably sharp jet break in the lightcurve for k = 2
although the shape of the break is affected more by the viewing angle than by
the slope of the external density profile. Steeper density profiles are found
to produce more gradual jet breaks while larger viewing angles cause smoother
and later appearing jet breaks. The counter-jet becomes visible as it becomes
sub-relativistic, and for k=0 this results in a clear bump-like feature in the
light curve. However, for larger k values the jet decelerates more gradually,
causing only a mild flattening in the radio light curve that might be hard to
discern when k=2. Late time radio calorimetry is likely to consistently
over-estimate the true energy by up to a factor of a few for k=2, and either
over-predict or under-predict it by a smaller factor for k = 0,1.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Ap
An MHD study of SN 1006 and determination of the ambient magnetic field direction
In this work we employ an MHD numerical code to reproduce the morphology
observed for SN 1006 in radio synchrotron and thermal X-ray emission. We
introduce a density discontinuity, in the form of a flat cloud parallel to the
Galactic Plane, in order to explain the NW filament observed in optical
wavelengths and in thermal X-rays. We compare our models with observations. We
also perform a test that contrasts the radio emitting bright limbs of the SNR
against the central region, finding additional support to our results. Our main
conclusion is that the most probable direction of the ambient magnetic field is
on average perpendicular to the Galactic Plane.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRA
International roaming in the EU : current overview, challenges, opportunities and solutions
As technology evolves and globalization continues, the need for reasonably priced roaming services has never been higher. In 2007, the European Commission (EC) introduced a first set of regulatory decisions to cap the maximal roaming fee end users have to pay for voice services. In the years after, additional price caps have been introduced for SMS and data, initially only for end users, in a later stage also for the wholesale tariff. The final step, Roaming Like at Home (RLAH), will start to take effect in June 2017; from then on end users will pay the same price (for voice, SMS and data) when roaming like in their domestic country. The effect of RLAH on the business case of each mobile operator is hard to predict, as the different national markets are extremely heterogeneous and operators face large discrepancies in terms of roaming usage and network costs due to different travelling patterns and various other reasons that cannot be harmonized (geography, economics, working force, usage history, etc.). Furthermore, competition in the telecom market will no longer be a purely national matter, as the decision to abolish roaming tariffs will fully open up cross-border competition. This paper aims at providing insights in the effect of RLAH for both the end user as well as the mobile operators. Following a literature survey approach, including an overview of the roaming regulation process from 2007 up to now, the paper discusses possible effects the RLAH initiative might trigger, going from lower wholesale prices for mobile operators to higher retail prices for end Users. Additionally, as the European Commission strives for a digital single market, this paper presents a number of technical solutions (carrier portability, software-based SIMs, cross-border IMSI, Roaming like a Local, Wi-Fi offloading) that may pose a - partial or full - alternative for roaming and explains how these may impact cross-border competition both positively and negatively. The solutions are assessed against two axes: (1) generating the best possible outcome for the end customers (in all countries) and (2) ensuring the best level playing field for (virtual) mobile operators in Europe, which will of course involve trade-offs on different levels
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