Coping with the Double Legacy of Authoritarianism and Revolution in Portuguese Democracy

Comparative research on democratisation suggests the political space for the immediate punishment of previous dictatorships depends on the type of transition and the correlative power-sharing and veto capacity of the political actors and institutions. This article argues that the type and diversity of transitional justice in Portugal's democratisation must be correlated not only with the absence of the veto capacity of former authoritarian elites and institutions, due to their collapse, but mainly with the cleavages opened by democratisation and military intervention in politics. We also argue that the nature of the transition is superimposed on the nature of the authoritarian regime and the extent of its legacy in the type of transitional justice, and that the transition's powerful dynamic served to constitute another legacy for the consolidation of democracy, strongly counterbalancing those of the authoritarian regime

The Authoritarian Past and South European Democracies: an introduction

It is the object of the contributors to this volume to compare how Southern European democracies have reacted to past authoritarian regimes. This introduction has three sections. In the first we seek to frame the concepts of authoritarian legacies, transitional justice and the politics of the past as they are applied here. In the second we analyse the forms of transitional justice that were present during the processes of democratisation in Southern Europe, while the third section presents an outline of the volume and of the contributions made by its authors

Maskana. Revista Científica

Estudio cualitativo exploratorio con enfoque fenomenológico que estudió en 10 Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes Sordos / HipoAcústicos (NNA-S/HA) las relaciones de convivencia con la familia, los profesionales de salud, los maestros, los amigos, la comunidad sorda; las cualidades de resiliencia de los NNA-S/HA encontró que las madres aunque tienen altos niveles de estrés son las que afrontan las dificultades y apoyan la intervención, los NNA-S/HA se refugian en sus madres; y los padres se retraen en sus sentimientos y evaden los problemas, y por eso abandonan el hogar al enterarse de que su hijo es sordo. Los profesionales carecen de estrategias para la atención y la comunicación, son distantes del NNA-S/HA, las familias relatan mala calidad en los servicios de salud. Los maestros y los amigos de los NNA-S/HA que van escuelas regulares les excluyen causando convivencias desagradables para los NNA-S/HA. Aquellos que se encuentran en la escuela para sordos se sienten más adaptados, con mejor autoestima y son más resiliente. La mitad de los NNA-S/HA usan dispositivos auditivos pero todos usan o lengua de señas formal o señas familiares para comunicarse con sus amigos y familias. Los NNA-S/HA que usan los dispositivos auditivos no tienen contacto con la comunidad sorda de su región no así los otros que no lo usan y cuya lengua principal es la de señas. Los NNA-S/HA desarrollan como todos los demás sueños, proyectos de vida y luchan por conseguirlo. El estudio permite plantear hipótesis para futuras investigaciones en torno a las estrategias de afrontamiento de las familias, la resiliencia de los NNA-S/HA y la asociación con las relaciones de convivencia.Qualitative exploratory study with phenomenological focus probing the relation of 10 Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Adolescents (D/HH-CA) with their family, health professionals, teachers, friends and the deaf community; the resilience qualities of those children and adolescents seeking shelter with their mothers who possess relative high levels of stress nurtured by the difficulties to support and intervene with them, while fathers in general retreat in their feelings not seeing the true dimension and leaving home when they learn that their child is deaf. Professionals lack strategies for care and communication, are distant from deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents, and families are usually disappointed in the poor quality they receive from health services. Teachers and friends of the D/HH-CA avoid them, causing unpleasant feelings and early dropouts from school. Those who have the opportunity to attend a school for deaf more easily develop resiliency and self-esteem. Half of the surveyed D/HH-CA use hearing aids and all use the sign language or family signs to communicate with family and friends. The D/HH-CA using hearing devices maintain no contact with the deaf community in their region, nor do the children not having access to hearing aids and for whom the sign language is the primary language, maintain contact with the children having hearing aids. D/HH-CA’s, like all other children and adolescents, have their dreams and aspirations to make it in life. The survey-based research provided hypotheses to direct in future research on the development of family strategies to cope with deaf and hard of hearing children, to improve the resilience of those children, and to enhance their coexistence and partnership relation.Cuencavol. 6, no.

Maskana. Revista Científica

Estudio cualitativo exploratorio con enfoque fenomenológico que estudió en 10 Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes Sordos / HipoAcústicos (NNA-S/HA) las relaciones de convivencia con la familia, los profesionales de salud, los maestros, los amigos, la comunidad sorda; las cualidades de resiliencia de los NNA-S/HA encontró que las madres aunque tienen altos niveles de estrés son las que afrontan las dificultades y apoyan la intervención, los NNA-S/HA se refugian en sus madres; y los padres se retraen en sus sentimientos y evaden los problemas, y por eso abandonan el hogar al enterarse de que su hijo es sordo. Los profesionales carecen de estrategias para la atención y la comunicación, son distantes del NNA-S/HA, las familias relatan mala calidad en los servicios de salud. Los maestros y los amigos de los NNA-S/HA que van escuelas regulares les excluyen causando convivencias desagradables para los NNA-S/HA. Aquellos que se encuentran en la escuela para sordos se sienten más adaptados, con mejor autoestima y son más resiliente. La mitad de los NNA-S/HA usan dispositivos auditivos pero todos usan o lengua de señas formal o señas familiares para comunicarse con sus amigos y familias. Los NNA-S/HA que usan los dispositivos auditivos no tienen contacto con la comunidad sorda de su región no así los otros que no lo usan y cuya lengua principal es la de señas. Los NNA-S/HA desarrollan como todos los demás sueños, proyectos de vida y luchan por conseguirlo. El estudio permite plantear hipótesis para futuras investigaciones en torno a las estrategias de afrontamiento de las familias, la resiliencia de los NNA-S/HA y la asociación con las relaciones de convivencia.Qualitative exploratory study with phenomenological focus probing the relation of 10 Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Adolescents (D/HH-CA) with their family, health professionals, teachers, friends and the deaf community; the resilience qualities of those children and adolescents seeking shelter with their mothers who possess relative high levels of stress nurtured by the difficulties to support and intervene with them, while fathers in general retreat in their feelings not seeing the true dimension and leaving home when they learn that their child is deaf. Professionals lack strategies for care and communication, are distant from deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents, and families are usually disappointed in the poor quality they receive from health services. Teachers and friends of the D/HH-CA avoid them, causing unpleasant feelings and early dropouts from school. Those who have the opportunity to attend a school for deaf more easily develop resiliency and self-esteem. Half of the surveyed D/HH-CA use hearing aids and all use the sign language or family signs to communicate with family and friends. The D/HH-CA using hearing devices maintain no contact with the deaf community in their region, nor do the children not having access to hearing aids and for whom the sign language is the primary language, maintain contact with the children having hearing aids. D/HH-CA’s, like all other children and adolescents, have their dreams and aspirations to make it in life. The survey-based research provided hypotheses to direct in future research on the development of family strategies to cope with deaf and hard of hearing children, to improve the resilience of those children, and to enhance their coexistence and partnership relation.Cuencavol. 6, no.