4,440 research outputs found
Synthesis of Solution-Phase Phosphoramidite and Phosphite Ligand Libraries and Their In Situ Screening in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids
Herein, we report the automated parallel synthesis of solution-phase libraries of phosphoramidite ligands for the development of enantioselective catalysts. The ligand libraries are screened in situ in the asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes and imines. It is shown that the described methodology results in the straightforward discovery of leads for highly efficient enantioselective catalysts.
An Overview of the Establishment of Methodology to Analyse up to 5g-Sample by <em>k</em><sub>0</sub>-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, at CDTN, Brazil
The team of the Laboratory for Neutron Activation Analysis, Brazil, has been continuously improving the k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis, the k0-INAA method, having Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, as partner researcher of the neutron activation technique. The group aims at answering the analytical requests of customers and the needs of the researches developed by the lab. The latest improvement was to establish a methodology to analyse up to 5 g-samples. The usual procedure in neutron activation analysis is to determine elemental concentrations in small samples of about 200 mg, a geometrical point source. The reason why these samples are used is that this geometry brings about a number of simplifications during irradiation and gamma spectrometry. This paper describes the steps carried out in the development of the large sample methodology that has already been published elsewhere and has been applied successfully. The results of some reference materials and samples are displayed. It is important to mention that this research has confirmed that any other laboratory applying k0-INAA is able to establish this methodology without having to modify its facilities, since the neutron self-shielding, gamma attenuation, and detector efficiency over the volume source are established
Prospective Biodegradable Plastics from Biomass Conversion Processes
The biomass energy source has been a promising renewable alternative for fossil fuels and their inevitable environmental impacts on Earth’s life, from which the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the environment pollution followed by consequent ecosystem imbalance are major concerns. Biofuels and bioplastics are well-known examples of renewable products obtained from biomass that has shown increasing potential to succeed the conventional fuels and plastics. However, biofuels and especially bioplastics have faced their main hindrance in their uncompetitive costs. Furthermore, the “drop-in” plastics are the market leaders, which reduce the carbon footprint but continue to state the biodegradability concern attributed to most of plastic products, the packaging sector. This chapter outlines the common features and feedstocks of biofuels and bioplastics aiming to support their associated production set toward the bio-based and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as promising models with fast-growing production capacity forecasted for the next years and biodegradable solution for short-lived and disposable plastic materials
Verkenning van een landschapsimpact analyse : een uitwerking voor drie deelgebieden in het Groene Hart
Voor Nationale Landschappen geldt de beleidsstrategie ‘Behoud door Ontwikkeling’ ten aanzien van de landschappelijke kwaliteiten. Dit vereist een concretisering van de (waardevolle) landschappelijke karakteristieken en inzicht in de verwachtte impact van ruimtelijke ontwikkelingen. In dit onderzoeksrapport is op deelgebiedsniveau binnen het Nationaal Landschap Groene Hart invulling gegeven aan het instrument van landschapsimpact analyse (LIA) om de waarde van dit instrument voor (anticiperend) landschapsbeleid te verkennen
Generalized parton distributions and double distributions for q q-bar pions
We consider two simple covariant models for pions (one with scalar and the
other with spin-1/2 constituents). Pion generalized parton distributions are
derived by integration over the light-cone energy. The model distributions are
consistent with all known properties of generalized parton distributions,
including positivity. We also construct the corresponding double distributions
by appealing to Lorentz invariance. These ostensibly constructed double
distributions lead to different generalized parton distributions that need not
respect the positivity constraints. This inconsistency arises from the
ambiguity inherent in defining double distributions in a one-component
formalism (even in the absence of the Polyakov-Weiss term). We demonstrate that
the correct model double distributions can be calculated from non-diagonal
matrix elements of twist-two operators.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, RevTex4, reference added, typos correcte
The Association of Compact Groups of Galaxies with Large-scale Structures
We use various samples of compact groups (CGs) to examine the types of
association CGs have with rich and poor clusters of galaxies at low (z~0.04)
and intermediate (z~0.1) redshifts. We find that ~10-20 % of CGs are associated
with rich clusters and a much larger fraction with poorer clusters or loose
groups. Considering the incompleteness of catalogs of poorer systems at
intermediate redshift, our result is consistent with all CGs at intermediate
redshift being associated with larger-scale systems. The richness of the
clusters associated with CGs significantly increases from z~0.04 to z~0.1,
while their Bautz-Morgan type changes from early to late type for the same
range in z. Neither trend is compatible with a selection effect in the cluster
catalogs used. We find earlier morphological types of galaxies to be more
frequent in CGs associated with larger-scale structures, compared to those in
CGs not associated to such structures. We consider this as new evidence that
CGs are part of the large-scale structure formation process and that they may
play an important role in the evolution of galaxies in these structures.Comment: 5 pages, no figures, Proc. ESO Workshop "Groups of galaxies in the
nearby Universe", Santiago, Chile, 5-9 Dec. 2005, ESO Astrophysics Symposia,
eds. I. Saviane, V. Ivanov & J. Borissova, Springer-Verlag; very minor
revision of text on 15 Mar 2006, added one referenc
Navigating with logics: Care for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a tertiary hospital in Ghana
This paper explores how care for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is practiced in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Partly in response to the persistently high maternal and neonatal mortality rates in Low- and Middle-income countries, efforts to improve quality of maternity care have increased. Quality improvement initiatives are shaped by the underlying conceptualisation of quality of care, often driven by global (WHO) standards and protocols. However, there are tensions between global standards of care and local clients' and providers' understandings of care practices and quality of care. Implementation of standards is further complicated by structural and organisational restrictions that influence providers' possibilities and priorities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, we explore how clinical guidelines and professionals' and patients' perspectives converge and, more importantly, diverge. We illuminate local, situated care practices and show how professionals creatively deal with tensions that arise on the ground. In this middle-income setting, caring for women with HDP involves tinkering and navigating in contexts of uncertainty, scarcity, varying responsibilities and conflicting interests. We unravelled a complex web of, at times, contradictory logics, from which various forms of care arise and in which different notions of good care co-exist. While practitioners navigated through and with these varying logics of care, the logic of survival permeated all practices. This study provides important initial insights into how professionals might implement and innovatively adapt the latest quality of maternity care guidelines which seek to marry clinical standards and patients' needs, preferences and experiences
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