t(15;21) translocations leading to the concurrent downregulation of RUNX1 and its transcription factor partner genes SIN3A and TCF12 in myeloid disorders.

Through a combined approach integrating RNA-Seq, SNP-array, FISH and PCR techniques, we identified two novel t(15;21) translocations leading to the inactivation of RUNX1 and its partners SIN3A and TCF12. One is a complex t(15;21)(q24;q22), with both breakpoints mapped at the nucleotide level, joining RUNX1 to SIN3A and UBL7-AS1 in a patient with myelodysplasia. The other is a recurrent t(15;21)(q21;q22), juxtaposing RUNX1 and TCF12, with an opposite transcriptional orientation, in three myeloid leukemia cases. Since our transcriptome analysis indicated a significant number of differentially expressed genes associated with both translocations, we speculate an important pathogenetic role for these alterations involving RUNX1

Terrestrial laser scanning survey in support of unstable slopes analysis. The case of Vulcano Island (Italy)

The capability to measure at distance dense cloud of 3D point has improved the relevance of geomatic techniques to support risk assessment analysis related to slope instability. This work focuses on quantitative analyses carried out to evaluate the effects of potential failures in the Vulcano Island (Italy). Terrestrial laser scanning was adopted to reconstruct the geometry of investigated slopes that is required for the implementation of numerical modeling adopted to simulate runout areas. Structural and morphological elements, which influenced past instabilities or may be linked to new events, were identified on surface models based on ground surveying. Terrestrial laser scanning was adopted to generate detailed 3D models of subvertical slopes allowing to characterize the distribution and orientation of the rock discontinuities that affect instability mechanism caused by critical geometry. Methods for obtaining and analyzing 3D topographic data and to implement simulation analyses contributing to hazard and risk assessment are discussed for two case studies (Forgia Vecchia slope and Lentia rock walls)

THE ITALIAN QUATERNARY VOLCANISM

The peninsular and insular Italy are punctuated by Quaternary volcanoes and their rocks constitute an important aliquot of the Italian Quaternary sedimentary successions. Also away from volcanoes themselves, volcanic ash layers are a common and frequent feature of the Quaternary records, which provide us with potential relevant stratigraphic and chronological markers at service of a wide array of the Quaternary science issues. In this paper, a broad representation of the Italian volcano-logical community has joined to provide an updated comprehensive state of art of the Italian Quaternary volcanism. The eruptive history, style and dynamics and, in some cases, the hazard assessment of about thirty Quaternary volcanoes, from the north-ernmost Mt. Amiata, in Tuscany, to the southernmost Pantelleria and Linosa, in Sicily Channel, are here reviewed in the light of the substantial improving of the methodological approaches and the overall knowledge achieved in the last decades in the vol-canological field study. We hope that the present review can represent a useful and agile document summarising the knowledege on the Italian volcanism at the service of the Quaternary community operating in central Mediterranean area

The Aeolian volcanism District: volcanism and magmatism.

The Aeolian Volcanic District is a geologically complex region characterised by a wide spectrum of volcanism and compositionally variable magmatism younger than 1-1.3 Ma. Submarine and subaerial volcanic activities formed seven large strato-volcanoes, that upraise from ~1500-2000 m b.s.l., and several seamounts. The Aeolian volcanism is the result of the long interplaying among collision, subduction and extension processes occurred in the Mediterranean area affected by multiple geodynamic processes. Geophysical, seismological and geochemical data allow recognition of three main sectors, each characterized by remarkably similar structural, volcanological and compositional features. The eastern sector (including Stromboli-Panarea) is characterised by a prevailing nne-ssw to ne-sw striking fault system, deep seismicity and magmas with variable affinity, from CA to KS, generally outpured through low-intensity eruptions. The central sector (including Lipari, Vulcano and the younger part of Salina) is strongly affected by the presence of the nnw-sse oriented strike-slip lithospheric fault system known as \u2018Tindari-Letojanni\u2019. Eruptive activity in the central sector shows the wider spectrum of magma compositions in the archipelago \u2013 ranging from basalts to rhyolites, with CA, HKCA, SHO and KS affinity \u2013 and the eruptions with the highest intensity and magnitude. The western sector (including the older part of Salina, Filicudi and Alicudi) is characterized by a main wnw-ese striking fault system that conditioned the development of both subaerial and submarine volcanoes, basically characterized by CA to HKCA mafic and intermediate magmas of subduction origin. Going from east to west, a general increase of crust thickness (from ~17 km below Stromboli up to ~25 km below the western sector) and magma composition variations (with a general decrease of Sr-isotopes and an increase of Nd-, Pb-isotope and LILE/HFSE ratios) are observed. Overall, trace elements and radiogenic isotopes signatures variations along the avd indicate modifications in the nature and intensity of metasomatic processes occurred in the Aeolian mantle. The eruptive history of each island is reconstructed by giving special emphasis to the chronostratigraphic role played by fossil marine conglomerates intercalated to volcanic products. Older and more primitive CA basalt to basalt-andesite volcanic products related to strombolian and effusive volcanic activity were emplaced on Salina and Filicudi in a poorly constrained time span started around 430-400 ka. After an apparently long period of quiescence, volcanic activity started again between ~220 and 124 ka on Filicudi, Salina, Lipari and Panarea, with the emplacement of CA basalt-andesite to andesite and dacite volcanics related to mainly strombolian and effusive activity, with a minor role for explosive hydromagmatic eruptions. Between ~124 and 80 ka, HKCA andesitic and subordinate dacitic volcanic products related to both explosive (mainly hydromagmatic) and effusive volcanic activity were emplaced on Lipari, and Alicudi, whereas on Vulcano and Stromboli SHO products were erupted together with minor HKCA lavas. Starting from ~80 ka, more evolved CA and HKCA andesitic to daci-trachytic -up to rhyolitic products were mainly erupted on Lipari and Salina and to a lesser extent on Panarea, Alicudi and Filicudi. Most of these magmas were produced by effusive activity (mainly dome-forming) and associated high-energy explosive eruptions. In the last 25 ka ca., a growing and intensification of the volcanism in the central sector \u2013 probably associated to increased activity of the Tindari-Letojanni fault system \u2013 occurred; whereas volcanism ceased in the western sector and was regular and almost continuous in the eastern one through Stromboli. At present time Vulcano, Stromboli and submarine area of Panarea show active volcanic phoenomena

Evidence for different processes of magma evolution in El Tatio volcanic region (22\ub0.16 to 22\ub0.30 S - Central Volcanic Zone, Andes)

We report new petrographic and geochemical data on volcanic rocks emplaced fromMiocene to late Peistocene in El Tatio volcanic region (Central Volcanic Zone, Andes). They originated from dominantly effusive volcanism and minor low-mild explosive eruptions, giving rise to several stratovolcanoes and lava domes belonging to the Western Cordillera volcanic chain, in alternance with intense ignimbrite-type explosive activity from external caldera systems in the Altiplano Puna Volcanic Complex. El Tatio volcanics are mostly erupted in the last 1 Ma and display compositions ranging from calcalkaline (CA) to high-K calcalkaline (HKCA) basaltic andesite to rhyolite, with prevalence of andesites and dacites, which bear a tipycal subdution-related signature. Petrographic features of studied De Astis et al. 2 rocks - deeply resorbed and rounded mineral phases, reaction rims, skeletal habits, large ranges of mineral compositions with direct and reverse zoning, oxidations and uralitizations phenomena - are generally related to strong disequilibrium conditions in the crystallizing system. Based on our data, these disequilibrium features are better explained by convective self-mixing processes in magma reservoirs cooling from above and heated by mafic magma batch at camera bottom, rather than by magma mixing between compositionally different magmas. The high crystallization degree of rocks, together with evidence provided by geochemical data, suggests that fractional crystallization (FC) of recurrent mineral assemblages (plag.\ub1pyrox\ub1hornbl\ub1bt) is the most significant differentiation process for several magmas from El Tatio suites. In addition, AFC (Assimilation plus FC) is another important evolutionary mechanism able to explain some trends correlating the few available isotopic data and some geochemical indexes. Isotopic trends and patterns of incompatible elements (i.e., LILE enrichment, LILE/HFSE ratios) mirror the addition, via subduction, of different amounts of crustal material. Magma modification can occur either in the mantle wedge (fluids and melts from the slab) or during the ascent/ponding of parental magmas within the thick crust of Central Andes. Finally, we suggest that the high level magma reservoirs hosting magmas of El Tatio region are characterized by multistage evolutionary processes consistent both with open- and closed-system regimes