20 research outputs found
Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil
The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others
How Mechanical and Chemical Features Affect the Green Synthesis of 1<i>H</i>‑Pyrazoles in a Ball Mill
This work investigated the chemical
and mechanical factors that
affect cyclocondensation reactions in a ball mill. Chemical characteristics
such as the use or non-use of a catalyst, amount of catalyst and reactants,
and product formation, as well as the yield and mechanical factors
such as rotation frequency and the number, diameter, and material
of the milling balls were evaluated. It was found that a rotation
frequency of 450 rpm is efficient for energy transfer to the reactants
because the conversion is higher at this rotation. The reaction was
highly dependent on the time (3 min) and amount of <i>p</i>-TSA (<i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid) utilized as catalyst
(10 mol %). Five steel balls of 10 mm were considered to be the ideal
number for the efficient mixing of the particles. For this work, the
ideal conditions determined were used for the green synthesis of a
series of 1<i>H</i>-pyrazoles