Biological Effects of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials on Mammalian Cells and Animals

The remarkable progress of applied black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNMs) is attributed to BP's outstanding properties. Due to its potential for applications, environmental release and subsequent human exposure are virtually inevitable. Therefore, how BPNMs impact biological systems and human health needs to be considered. In this comprehensive Minireview, the most recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms and regulation factors of BPNMs’ endogenous toxicity to mammalian systems are presented. These achievements lay the groundwork for an understanding of its biological effects, aimed towards establishing regulatory principles to minimize the adverse health impacts

Biologische Effekte von auf schwarzem Phosphor basierenden Nanomaterialien auf Zellen und Tiere

Die bedeutenden Fortschritte bei der Anwendung von auf schwarzem Phosphor basierenden Nanomaterialien (SPNMs) sind auf deren hervorragende Eigenschaften zurückzuführen. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Materialien sind die Freisetzung in die Umwelt und eine anschließende Exposition des Menschen praktisch unvermeidlich. Daher muss untersucht werden, wie sich SPNMs auf biologische Systeme und die menschliche Gesundheit auswirken. In dieser umfassenden Übersicht werden die neuesten Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf Wirkungsweise, Mechanismen und Regulierungsfaktoren der endogenen Toxizität von SPNMs in Säugetieren vorgestellt. Diese Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für das Verständnis der biologischen Auswirkungen und haben das Ziel, Regulierungsprinzipien zur Minimierung gesundheitsschädlicher Auswirkungen festzulegen

Research on wheel-legged robot based on LQR and ADRC

Abstract The traditional two-wheeled self-balancing robot can travel quickly in a flat road environment, and it is easy to destabilize and capsize when passing through a bumpy road. To improve the passing ability of a two-wheeled robot, a new wheel-legged two-wheeled robot is developed. A seven-link leg structure is proposed through the comprehensive design of mechanism configuration, which decouples the balanced motion and leg motion of the robot. Based on the Euler–Lagrange method, the dynamic model of the system is obtained by applying the nonholonomic dynamic Routh equation in the generalized coordinate system. The robot’s state space is divided according to the robot’s height, and the Riccati equation is solved in real-time by the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method to complete the balance and motion control of the robot. The robot leg motion control is achieved based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) way. A robot simulation model is built on Recurdyn to verify the algorithm’s feasibility, and then an experimental prototype is built to demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness. The experimental results show that the control method based on LQR and ADRC can make the robot pass through the bumpy road

Constructing liver-like tissue in situ based on plant-derived cellulose scaffolds alleviating acute liver injury

Despite the promise of tissue engineering for treating acute liver injury (ALI), functional vascular system construction is still not fully achieved in liver tissue engineering. Multilayered space materials similar to liver lobules and high-precision vasculature are necessary for liver regeneration. In the present study, we found that apple-derived cellulose scaffolds prepared via decellularization possessed the aforementioned properties and could serve as a three-dimensional scaffold for proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). In vitro, we successfully induced ADSCs into hepatocyte-like cells in apple-derived cellulose scaffolds. Then, we implanted apple-derived cellulose scaffolds loaded with ADSCs in mice with ALI. Interestingly, we found that liver function recovered in ALI mice and the implants developed vasculature and bile duct structures. Further transcriptomic analysis indicated that apple-derived cellulose scaffolds could activate metabolism and promote vascular regeneration pathways while inhibiting immune and inflammatory pathways. Our study demonstrated that apple-derived cellulose scaffolds combined with stem cells can treat ALI

Molecular Mechanism of Cold Tolerance of Centipedegrass Based on the Transcriptome

Low temperature is an important limiting factor in the environment that affects the distribution, growth and development of warm-season grasses. Transcriptome sequencing has been widely used to mine candidate genes under low-temperature stress and other abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of centipedegrass in response to low-temperature stress was rarely reported. To understand the molecular mechanism of centipedegrass in response to low-temperature stress, we measured physiological indicators and sequenced the transcriptome of centipedegrass under different stress durations. Under cold stress, the SS content and APX activity of centipedegrass increased while the SOD activity decreased; the CAT activity, POD activity and flavonoid content first increased and then decreased; and the GSH-Px activity first decreased and then increased. Using full-length transcriptome and second-generation sequencing, we obtained 38.76 G subreads. These reads were integrated into 177,178 isoforms, and 885 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained. The expression of AUX_IAA and WRKY transcription factors and HSF transcription-influencing factors increased during cold stress. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, we determined that arginine and proline metabolism, plant circadian rhythm, plant hormone signal transduction and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the cold stress resistance of centipedegrass. In addition, by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we determined that the turquoise module was significantly correlated with SS content and APX activity, while the blue module was significantly negatively correlated with POD and CAT activity. This paper is the first to report the response of centipedegrass to cold stress at the transcriptome level. Our results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of warm-season grasses