Education for citizenship: measuring the impact on learners of the community-based learning program in Palestine

The community-based learning (CBL) methodology was introduced at An-Najah University, Palestine for the first time through an initiative led by the Center for Excellence in Learning in 2013. The initial objectives for the CBL scheme were set at three different, yet interrelated aspects. On one hand, the learning environment was expanded to include direct engagement with the Palestinian community organizations through implementing need based projects for these organizations. On the other hand, through such engagement the learners were expected to develop key critical thinking skills which included self-learning, decision making, and testing theoretical models as they relate to community problems. Additionally, and as a direct impact for this initiative, it was hoped that the community work will prepare the learners for their responsibilities as Palestinian citizens. This research project is intended to measure the direct impact that the CBL program had on the learners’ skills on all three levels. This will be done by interviewing a representative sample from CBL participant groups. To measure the indirect impact on the CBL participants, the research will report on any unanticipated outcomes resulting from the CBL experience. In other words, this research will highlight the snowballing effect for the CBL program – aspects of growth in the learners experience beyond the originally planned objectives

Alteration of the Contractual Equilibrium Under the UNIDROIT Principles

This paper addresses the principles of hardship and specific performance as being unreasonably burdensome or expensive both in terms of their definitions and legal consequences. This paper argues that, in a situation of hardship, the debtor can choose to invoke either the rules of section 6.2 (hardship) or the defense to specific performance under Article 7.2.2-b of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“UNIDROIT Principles”). Yet, while in a situation where performance of the contract becomes “unreasonably burdensome or expensive,” the debtor might only invoke the exception to specific performance under Article 7.2.2(b) of the UNIDROIT Principles

The Legal Regulation of Humanitarian Relief Actions in Armed conflicts

This research deals with non-conformity of goods under the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in terms of concept, criteria and timing. It also addresses the duties of the buyer upon taking over the goods, whether examination of the goods or giving notice to the seller of the non- conformity. Besides this research deals with all legal effects of non-conformity, whether the remedies the buyer has in such situations or the right of the seller to cure the non-conformity. It also covers all legal effects of the buyer’s failure to respect his duties, i.e. the loss of his remedies and all exceptions thereto. This research tackles all these matters in comparison with the Unidroit Principles on International Commercial Contracts and the Palestinian Commercial Law Draft and other related laws effective in Palestin

Upaya Penanggulangan Disintegrasi Nasional dalam Menjaga Persatuan Indonesia

Kekhawatiran tentang perpecahan (disintegrasi) bangsa di tanah air dewasa ini yang dapat digambarkan sebagai penuh konflik dan pertikaian, gelombang reformasi yang tengah berjalan menimbulkan berbagai kecenderungan dan realitas baru. Segala hal yang terkait dengan Orde Baru termasuk format politik dan paradigmanya dihujat dan dibongkar. Bermunculan pula aliansi ideologi dan politik yang ditandai dengan menjamurnya partai- partai politik baru. Seiring dengan itu lahir sejumlah tuntutan daerah-daerah diluar Jawa agar mendapatkan otonomi yang lebih luas atau merdeka yang dengan sendirinya makin menambah problem, manakala diwarnai terjadinya konflik dan benturan antar etnik dengan segala permasalahannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis upaya penanggulan disintegrasi nasional dalam menjaga persatuan Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian dilakukan dengan metode normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Upaya penanggulangan disintegrasi bangsa dalam menjaga persatuan Indonesia diantaranya dapat dilakukan dengan cara membangun dan menghidupkan terus komitmen, kesadaran dan kehendak untuk bersatu, menciptakan kondisi dan membiasakan diri untuk selalu membangun consensus dan membangun kelembagaan (pranata) yang berakarkan nilai dan norma (nilai-nilai Pancasila) yang menyuburkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Selain itu juga perlu merumuskan kebijakan dan regulasi yang konkret, tegas dan tepat dalam aspek kehidupan dan pembangunan bangsa yang mencerminkan keadilan bagi semua pihak, semua wilayah serta upaya bersama dan pembinaan integrasi nasional memerlukan kepemimpinan yang arif dan bijaksana, serta efektif

Meninjau Hak Monopoli Pasca Privatisasi Badan Usaha Milik Negara Ditinjau dari Undang – Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999

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The Influence of Employee Engagement on Organizational Profit

This study is designed to determine the relationship between employee engagement, and organizational profit. In addition the study examines whether there is a significant difference in mean score on employee engagement between males and females in Palestinian telecommunication company. The scope of the study is limited to managers in Palestinian Telecommunication Company. The results showed statistically significant positive relationships between employee engagement and organization performance. It also shows that there is a significant difference in employee engagement between male and female in Palestinian Telecommunication Company

Survival after liver transplantation in the United Kingdom and Ireland compared with the United States

<b>Background and Aim</b>: Surgical mortality in the US is widely perceived to be superior to that in the UK. However, previous comparisons of surgical outcome in the two countries have often failed to take sufficient account of case-mix or examine long-term outcome. The standardised nature of liver transplantation practice makes it uniquely placed for undertaking reliable international comparisons of surgical outcome. The objective of this study is to undertake a risk-adjusted disease-specific comparison of both short- and long-term survival of liver transplant recipients in the UK and Ireland with that in the US. <b>Design, setting and participants</b>: Multi-centre cohort study using two high quality national databases including all adults who underwent a first single organ liver transplant in the UK and Ireland (n=5,925) and the US (n=41,866) between March 1994 and March 2005. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Post-transplant mortality during the first 90 days, 90 days-1 year and beyond the first year, adjusted for donor and recipient characteristics. <b>Results</b>: Risk-adjusted mortality in the UK and Ireland was generally higher than in the US during the first 90 days (hazard ratio 1.17 95%CI 1.07-1.29), both for patients transplanted for acute liver failure (hazard ratio 1.27 95%CI 1.01-1.60) as well as those transplanted for chronic liver disease (hazard ratio 1.18 95% CI 1.07- 1.31). Between 90 days and 1 year post-transplantation, no statistically significant differences in overall risk- adjusted mortality were noted between the two cohorts. Survivors of the first post-transplant year in the UK and Ireland had lower overall risk-adjusted mortality than those transplanted in the US (hazard ratio 0.88 95% CI 0.81- 0.96). This difference was observed among patients transplanted for chronic liver disease (hazard ratio 0.88 95%CI 0.81-0.96) but not those transplanted for acute liver failure (hazard ratio 1.02 95%CI 0.70- 1.50). <b>Conclusions</b>: Whilst risk adjusted mortality is higher in the UK and Ireland during the first 90 days following liver transplantation, it is higher in the US among those liver transplant recipients who survived the first post- transplant year. Our results are consistent with the notion that the US has superior acute peri-operative care whereas the UK appears to provide better quality chronic care following liver transplantation surgery