Optimum Combinations of GGM and GDEM Models for Precise National Geoid Modelling

This study aims to develop a Local Geoid Model (LGM) for Egypt to determine the optimal combinations of global models with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS/Levelling) data. A precise national geodetic dataset, four Global Geopotential Models (GGMs), and three global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have been utilized. Hence, twelve gravimetric LGMs have been developed using the Least-Square Collocation (LSC) method fitted to GNSS/Levelling data and judged over 100 checkpoints. Results revealed that improvements in local geoid accuracy are attributed mainly to GGMs models representing the long wavelength of the Earth's gravitational field. Regarding DEMs, the accuracy of LGMs does not significantly depend on the utilized DEM. Based on the available data, the attained optimum geoid of Egypt has been developed with a standard deviation, equals 0.129 m

CE‐MS with electrokinetic supercharging and application to determination of neurotransmitters

Electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) is known as one of the most effective online electrophoretic preconcentration techniques, though pairing with it with mass spectrometry has presented challenges. Here, EKS is successfully paired with ESI‐MS/MS to provide a sensitive and robust method for analysis of biogenic amines in biological samples. Injection parameters including electric field strength and the buffer compositions used for the separation and focusing were investigated to achieve suitable resolution, high sensitivity, and compatibility with ESI‐MS. Using EKS, the sensitivity of the method was improved 5000‐fold compared to a conventional hydrodynamic injection with CZE. The separation allowed for baseline resolution of several neurotransmitters within 16 min with LODs down to 10 pM. This method was applied to targeted analysis of seven biogenic amines from rat brain stem and whole Drosophila tissue. This is the first method to use EKS with CE‐ESI‐MS/MS to analyze biological samples.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153096/1/elps7049.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153096/2/elps7049_am.pd

Mean Sea Level and Tides Variations at Alexandria, Egypt over 1906-2020

Sea Level Rise (SLR) is a vital outcome of the environmental global warming phenomenon. This paper aims to investigate the basic properties of tides in Alexandria, Egypt and to analyze Sea Level Rise (SLR) in Egypt over a long period in order to examine the differences in Egypt's vertical geodetic datum. The annual relative SLR at Alexandria between 1906 and 2020 was found to be 2.6 mm/year. Moreover, the relative SLR has been 3.1 mm/y for the last two decades, 2001-2020. It could be considered the most appropriate value to be taken into consideration in the Egypt's coastal management activities. Carrying out additional investigations is suggested to investigate the major variations of MSL in Egypt at other TG sites over both the Mediterranean and Red seas. Based on an available data and accomplished results, it is recommended to regard the Egypt's MSL datum as a semi-kinematic rather than a fixed one

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Chapter 6 : Agrometeorological forecasting

This chapter presents a set of tools and techniques for crop yield forecasting

Antibiofilm Efficiency of CaF₂/TiO₂ Strontium Borate Bioactive Glass Composites against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Gamma Radiation Effect

Microbial drug resistance has emerged as one of the most fundamental health threats. The current work aims to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of strontium borate bio-glasses (BBGs). Three CaF2/TiO2 strontium borate compositions have been prepared through melting annealing methods. The XRD pattern displays the amorphous nature of the glassy samples. The primary structural components of the borate, the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 group, can be observed in FTIR spectra. Sharpness and shifting peaks to longer wavenumbers were evident after 40 kGy of gamma radiation. In contrast, density and molar volume (Vm) reveal an obvious change after irradiation. The agar diffusion technique was conducted as a preliminary screening of the antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The studied samples possessed no antimicrobial activity toward this strain; however, samples with 2% CaF2 strontium borate (T1) and 5% TiO2 strontium borate (T3) had higher biofilm inhibition potential (inhibition percentages of 75.17 and 65.77%, respectively). The gamma irradiation procedure had an unexpected detrimental effect on the bio-glass antibiofilm activity, making it unsuitable for use in sterilization procedures. Collectively, BBGs could be further investigated as possible antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing resistant strains

Influence of Co Transplantation SnO2 Nano Film on the Structural and Optical Properties Using Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

In this research, investigated characterization of pure and Cobalt doped Tin dioxide SnO2: Co with 3, 5 and 7wt% fabricated using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method deposited on glass surfaces. The results showed that prepared SnO2: Co were nano films and poly crystalline in form with favored reflection permanently (110) plan, and the crystallite size decreases as the Co concentration increased 9-14 nm. The optical properties represented by the transmittance of perspicuous and cobalt transplantation SnO2 layers were studied and results showed that highest transmittance obtained was 91% in the pure films and decreased to 78% as the Co concentration increased; the wavelength range was 300-900 nm due to be the increasing of the Co amount during the deposition, leading to a linear increase in mobility and carrier concentration, until a threshold of Co content was overcome and from that point onward the mobility began to decrease. Optical energy gaps of perspicuous and Co transplantation SnO2 nano layers were determined and the energy gap was reduced from 3.50 eV of perspicuous nano layers to 3.29 eV for the highest transplantation concentration