Ambivalent sexism and the expected distribution of power in romantic relationships

The present study examined the associations between ambivalent sexism toward women and power in heterosexual romantic relationships. Specifically, power was measured globally and in specific domains of relationships (e.g., finances, childcare, sexual activities). College students were asked to complete measures assessing their levels of ambivalent sexism and the amount of power that they expected to have in their future, long-term romantic relationships as well as their perceived power in their current romantic relationships. It was predicted that participants would anticipate having more power in various areas of their relationship according to their gender and their levels of ambivalent sexism. Results indicated that for men, hostile sexism was correlated with expectations of possessing more overall power, decision-making power, and power in traditional masculine activities. For women, benevolent sexism was associated with expectations of having higher levels of sexual submission. For those participants who were in a romantic relationship, benevolent sexism in males was positively associated with power in their current dating activities. Overall, the results suggest that ambivalent sexism in men and women is associated with the amount of power that they expect to have in their future romantic relationships as well as the amount of power that they perceive having in their current romantic relationship

I Cheat Because I Can: Power, Sexism And Approval Of Infidelity

This study examined the moderating role of ambivalent sexism in the relationship between power and approval of infidelity. College students were randomly assigned to high- and low-power conditions and completed measures assessing their perceived power, endorsed sexism toward men and women, and approval of their own possible infidelity. It was hypothesized that the association between perceived power and permissive attitudes toward infidelity would vary according to participants\u27 endorsement of hostile and benevolent sexism. The hypotheses were partially supported, and the results revealed the importance of both participant gender and sexism as predictors of attitudes toward infidelity. Hostile sexism toward men and women moderated the relationship between power and approval of uncommitted sexual relationships and infidelity. For women, hostile sexism toward men was positively associated with permissive attitudes toward infidelity. For men, hostile sexism toward women was positively associated with approval of uncommitted sexual relationships. In addition, while hostile sexism toward women predicted approval of uncommitted sexual relationships, hostile sexism toward men was associated with approval of infidelity. Exploratory analyses examining participant\u27s reported narcissism were also conducted. For men, hostile sexism toward women marginally moderated the relationship between narcissism and approval of uncommitted sexual relationships. These findings partially support an integrated model of infidelity that accounts for attitudinal differences as well as macro-level issues, such as gendered power

THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORKPLACE RELATIONSHIPS ON EMPLOYEE BURNOUT AND THEIR CORRELATION TO TURNOVER INTENTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

Organizations are built through the contributions of their employees, which is why when employees leave, organizations suffer a significant loss. This can be foreseen by an employee’s level of organizational commitment and burnout which contribute to turnover intention. Measures can be taken to reduce burnout through nurturing leadership and the development of healthy workplace relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine the respective relationship between transformational leadership and workplace relationships on turnover intention and organizational commitment with interest in the mediating role of employee burnout. Leadership has a strong influence on individuals and organizations. It largely contributes to an employee’s well-being. Workplace relationships formed in the organizational environment along with transformational leadership style carry the potential to diminish the effects of employee burnout. A self-assessment survey reported from 334 participants was collected throughout a four-week period. A reliability analysis followed by a zero-order correlation was conducted to compare the level of significance between all variables. A path analysis examined the extent to which the effects of transformational leadership, reduced employee burnout, and greater workplace relationships mediate the effects of this impact on turnover intentions and organizational commitment. Results support that behaviors of transformational leadership significantly reduce the effects of employee burnout, and turnover intention while increasing organizational commitment. However, the evidence does not support this outcome as an effect of workplace relationships

Machine as One Player in Indian Cowry Board Game: Strategies and Analysis of Randomness Model for Playing

Cowry game is an ancient board game originated in India. It is a game of chance and strategy with the objective of moving players? pieces through a specified path into a final location, according to the roll of special dice (cowry shells). This game involves decision-making under uncertainty and fuzziness with more than two parties; hence it can serve as an excellent example to apply methods and concepts for automating resource management and real-time strategic decisions. This research is aimed at evaluating the complexity of Cowry game and proposing heuristics and strategies that could be the basis of an adaptive artificial player to maximize its chances of winning the game. The main objective for considering machine as one player in Cowry game is to automate different strategies and to develop a machine player which is capable of real-time decision-making under interaction with live opponents. In this paper, we formulate several playing strategies and provide theoretical measures for comparison of these strategies. However, the main focus of this work is on analysis of playing randomly which involves no decision-making or intelligence. By applying this approach, we entirely concentrate on designing the game interface and validating the correctness of our implementation. Furthermore, the enhanced knowledge base resulting from analyzing the performance of the random strategy can be used for understanding the scenarios to be taken care of while evolving other types of strategies

Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with propranolol: a case report; is corticosteroid administration necessary after ureterolysis?

INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease. It can be primary (Ormond's disease) or secondary to inflammation, malignancy or some drugs. Beta-adrenergic blockers including propranolol can cause the retroperitoneal fibrosis disease. CASE A 44-year-old woman who was taking propranolol for 13 years came to our center with complaints of oliguria and uremia symptoms (malaise, nausea and vomiting). After some investigations, it was found that the disease was retroperitoneal fibrosis. In the first step, she was treated with corticosteroids and then because of inadequate response, bilateral ureterolysis was performed. Then, an additional course of corticosteroid therapy was required after surgery. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an unknown cause disease that can involve ureters and can cause obstructive symptoms. The imaging procedure of choice for diagnosis is abdominal CT scanning with oral and intravenous contrast agents. Corticosteroids are the first option for treatment, however, if they are not effective and in case of severe obstruction, ureterolysis can be performed. Beta- adrenergic blocker drugs that are widely used in heart diseases can be a cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis

Disability glare: A study in simulated road lighting conditions

Disability glare is associated with veiling luminance caused by light from bright sources being scattered within the eyes of observers, thereby reducing retinal luminance contrast. This study compares the reduction in observers’ performance in the presence of glare with veiling luminance in the eye, calculated using a non-subjective method. A total of 42 observers performed a target detection task in the presence of a glare source in conditions similar to street lighting at night. Luminance contrast thresholds were measured for each observer under different levels of glare. Results show that, while veiling luminance has a significant effect on the performance of observers, its effect is lower than expected from contrast loss. Furthermore, the performance of observers over the age of 50 is unaffected by increasing the glare level

In-vitro effect of menthe piperita and salvia officinalis extracts on trichomonas vaginalis

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate parasite causing vaginosis, a common sexual transmitted disease. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for this disease but due to its side effects, it is necessary to search for an alternative drug. In this study, the effect of Menthe piperita and Salvia officinalis on Trichomonas vaginalis was investigated. Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the two herbs were prepared. The extracts were dried using vacuum rotary evaporator. Different concentrations of the extracts in comparison with methronidazole were added in test tubes containing culture medium and the parasite. All test tubes were kept in 37°C for 24 hours. The tubes were then expected for the parasite growth. Findings: In concentrations of 2, 2.5, 4, 5, 8, and 10 mg/ml of Salvia officinalis and in concentrations of 4, 5, 8, and 10 mg/ml of Menthe piperita the parasite did not grow. The effect of the extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis was similar to the effect of metronidazole on the parasite. Conclusion: Salvia officinalis and Menthe piperita had efficient effect against Trichomonas vaginalis growth in culture medium and s,o these two herbs can be considered as alternatives drugs. However, more investigation is recommended

Study on the Parasitic and Microbial Contamination of Vegetables, and the Effect of Washing Procedures on their Elimination in Ilam city

The risk of disease spread through water, fruits and vegetables contaminated through unclean waters varies from region to another. Springs and underground water resources are essentially free of germs or they have tolerable levels of germs; unless they are infected by surface water or human excreta. Scientific reports have shown that outbreaks of food-borne illnesses especially foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables are rising. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of washing procedures in eliminating of microbial and parasitic contamination of vegetables consumed in Ilam city. Multiple samples of vegetables were collected from five regions of the city (North- South- West- East- Center) about 1 kg from each shop and transferred to the laboratory. Then we put apiece in a dish containing five liters water; vegetable was washed into it and a sample was collected. Then we added to dish, 20 drops of dish soap and mixed it for a few minutes so that all of vegetable dipped in the foam. After a few minutes, the vegetable were washed with pure water. Another sample was collected from sewage of this water. For detection of microbes, we used two methods: formalin eater and direct microscopic observation. 86 samples were collected from five regions of city. 40.6% of them had parasitic contamination in scantling water of washing with pure water, and 43% had parasitic contamination in scantling water of washing with dish soap. 70.9% of them had parasitic and bacterial contamination in both wastewaters. There was no significant difference between washing with water and washing with dish soap for parasitic or bacterial contamination. Methods of washing in some types of vegetable may reduce effectively parasitic infection; but we found that washing with dish soap didn’t have any significant effect on reduction of microbial contamination.