Jim Crow Debt: How Black Borrowers Experience Student Loans

Student debt has been a crisis for years, and the pandemic has only exacerbated matters for many borrowers. This is especially true for Black borrowers, who are among those most negatively affected by student loans — due, in large part, to systemic racism, the inequitable distribution of wealth in this country, a stratified labor market, and rising college costs. And whether by willful intent or gross negligence, many of those engaged in this policy debate overlook the compounding effect of racism and how it specifically impacts Black borrowers. Put simply, student debt is a racial and economic justice issue, and any proposed solution to the student debt crisis must center the perspectives, lived realities, and voices of Black borrowers, rather than solely use their data to frame the problem.That is why in 2020, in partnership with Jalil B. Mustaffa, Ph.D., we launched the National Black Student Loan Debt Study. This study is based on a nationwide survey of nearly 1,300 Black borrowers and in-depth interviews with 100 Black borrowers across various life points. Rather than reporting student loan outcomes, we focus on borrowers' perspectives and life experiences with student loans.In Jim Crow Debt: How Black Borrowers Experience Student Loans, we share the stories we heard, so we can learn from the Black borrowers' experiences

ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-EUROPEAN COMMUNITY OILSEEDS AGREEMENT

In 1986, the American Soybean Association filed a Section 301 petition under the Trade Act of 1974, alleging that European Community oilseed subsidies nullified and impaired benefits of previous trade concessions, specifically the tariff binding of 1962. Two bilateral trade agreements were negotiated to remedy the dispute, the Blair House Agreement and the Memorandum of Understanding on Oilseeds. The impacts of these trade agreements were simulated using a three region trade model. Results indicated that neither supply constraints nor penalties for overproduction will contribute to a recovery of U.S. soybean exports to the EC. (Missing 6 tables)Oilseeds, trade agreements, International Relations/Trade,

Quantum Kinetic Theory V: Quantum kinetic master equation for mutual interaction of condensate and noncondensate

A detailed quantum kinetic master equation is developed which couples the kinetics of a trapped condensate to the vapor of non-condensed particles. This generalizes previous work which treated the vapor as being undepleted.Comment: RevTeX, 26 pages and 5 eps figure

Scalar Synchrotron Radiation in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter Geometry

We present a complete relativistic analysis for the scalar radiation emitted by a particle in circular orbit around a Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole. If the black hole is large, then the radiation is concentrated in narrow angles- high multipolar distribution- i.e., the radiation is synchrotronic. However, small black holes exhibit a totally different behavior: in the small black hole regime, the radiation is concentrated in low multipoles. There is a transition mass at $M=0.427 R$, where $R$ is the AdS radius. This behavior is new, it is not present in asymptotically flat spacetimes.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, published version. References adde

Dynamics of evaporative cooling in magnetically trapped atomic hydrogen

We study the evaporative cooling of magnetically trapped atomic hydrogen on the basis of the kinetic theory of a Bose gas. The dynamics of trapped atoms is described by the coupled differential equations, considering both the evaporation and dipolar spin relaxation processes. The numerical time-evolution calculations quantitatively agree with the recent experiment of Bose-Einstein condensation with atomic hydrogen. It is demonstrated that the balance between evaporative cooling and heating due to dipolar relaxation limits the number of condensates to 9x10^8 and the corresponding condensate fraction to a small value of 4% as observed experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX, 3 eps figures, Phys. Rev. A in pres

Large-Scale Structure at z~2.5

We have made a statistically complete, unbiased survey of C IV systems toward a region of high QSO density near the South Galactic Pole using 25 lines of sight spanning $1.5<z<2.8$. Such a survey makes an excellent probe of large-scale structure at early epochs. We find evidence for structure on the $15-35h^{-1}$ proper Mpc scale ($H_0 \equiv 100$ km $s^{-1}$ Mpc${-1}$) as determined by the two point C IV - C IV absorber correlation function, and reject the null hypothesis that C IV systems are distributed randomly on such scales at the $\sim 3.5\sigma$ level. The structure likely reflects the distance between two groups of absorbers subtending $\sim~ 13 \times 5 \times 21h^{-3}$ and $\sim 7 \times 1 \times 15h^{-3}$ Mpc$^3$ at $z\sim 2.3$ and $z \sim 2.5$ respectively. There is also a marginal trend for the association of high rest equivalent width C IV absorbers and QSOs at similar redshifts but along different lines of sight. The total number of C IV systems detected is consistent with that which would be expected based on a survey using many widely separated lines of sight. Using the same data, we also find 11 Mg II absorbers in a complete survey toward 24 lines of sight; there is no evidence for Mg II - Mg II or Mg II - QSO clustering, though the sample size is likely still small to detect such structure if it exists.Comment: 56 pages including 32 of figures, in gzip-ed uuencoded postscript format, 1 long table not included, aastex4 package. Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement

Exciting, Cooling And Vortex Trapping In A Bose-Condensed Gas

A straight forward numerical technique, based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, is used to generate a self-consistent description of thermally-excited states of a dilute boson gas. The process of evaporative cooling is then modelled by following the time evolution of the system using the same equation. It is shown that the subsequent rethermalisation of the thermally-excited state produces a cooler coherent condensate. Other results presented show that trapping vortex states with the ground state may be possible in a two-dimensional experimental environment.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. It's worth the wait! To be published in Physical Review A, 1st February 199

The EBV-encoded oncoprotein, LMP1, induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via Its CTAR1 domain through integrin-mediated ERK-MAPK signalling

The Epstein⁻Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncogene can induce profound effects on epithelial growth and differentiation including many of the features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To better characterise these effects, we used the well-defined Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell model and found that LMP1 expression in these cells induces EMT as defined by characteristic morphological changes accompanied by loss of E-cadherin, desmosomal cadherin and tight junction protein expression. The induction of the EMT phenotype required a functional CTAR1 domain of LMP1 and studies using pharmacological inhibitors revealed contributions from signalling pathways commonly induced by integrin⁻ligand interactions: extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK-MAPK), PI3-Kinase and tyrosine kinases, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF&beta;). More detailed analysis implicated the CTAR1-mediated induction of Slug and Twist in LMP1-induced EMT. A key role for &beta;1 integrin signalling in LMP1-mediated ERK-MAPK and focal adhesion kianse (FAK) phosphorylation was observed, and &beta;1 integrin activation was found to enhance LMP1-induced cell viability and survival. These findings support an important role for LMP1 in disease pathogenesis through transcriptional reprogramming that enhances tumour cell survival and leads to a more invasive, metastatic phenotype

Quantum Kinetic Theory III: Quantum kinetic master equation for strongly condensed trapped systems

We extend quantum kinetic theory to deal with a strongly Bose-condensed atomic vapor in a trap. The method assumes that the majority of the vapor is not condensed, and acts as a bath of heat and atoms for the condensate. The condensate is described by the particle number conserving Bogoliubov method developed by one of the authors. We derive equations which describe the fluctuations of particle number and phase, and the growth of the Bose-Einstein condensate. The equilibrium state of the condensate is a mixture of states with different numbers of particles and quasiparticles. It is not a quantum superposition of states with different numbers of particles---nevertheless, the stationary state exhibits the property of off-diagonal long range order, to the extent that this concept makes sense in a tightly trapped condensate.Comment: 3 figures submitted to Physical Review