Portrayal vs. reality: images of African Americans in magazine advertisements

Thesis (M.A.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2001The images of African Americans in magazine advertisements are changing. As these images change, researchers question whether or not African American socioeconomic and familial status are being accurately represented. George Gerbner's cultivation theory suggests that media play a role in shaping people's perceptions of minority groups. Using content analysis, this study compares the portrayal of African American socioeconomic and familial status in magazine advertisements with 1999 United States Census Bureau socioeconomic statistics of African Americans in the United States. This study found that a discrepancy exists between the portrayal and the reality of African American socioeconomic and familial status than United States Census Bureau statistics show. These results provide a basis for further research into the social ramifications of African American misrepresentation in media

Working for the environment: farmer attitudes towards sustainable farming actions in rural Wales, UK

Recognition of land management impacts on water quality and flooding, and climate change-induced increases in storm intensity and flood risk, have led to interest in farmer provision of ecosystem services alongside food production. However, pathways for practical design and funding of agroecological interventions are less well understood. Effective design and implementation of sustainable farming initiatives have been linked to human-centred aspects including stakeholder engagement and provision of social and economic co-benefits. To obtain information on Welsh farmer perspectives on sustainable farming actions and aid development of agroecological policy and design guidance, Welsh farmer perspectives on sustainable farming were obtained through discussion, online polls, and questionnaires. Participant-identified barriers to action included incorporation of return on initial time and cost investment in long-term farm budgets, occurrence of extreme weather events, and tenanted land. Decision-making processes were rooted in community discussion to balance perceived needs of the land and farm business, with communication preferences expressed for bilingual farm advice provision and support of farmer-to-farmer knowledge transfer pathways. In addition to responding to research questions, participants identified interdependent components of economic, social, cultural, and environmental sustainability necessary to achieve positive environmental outcomes, and expressed environmentally oriented farming identities linked to environmental guardianship and caretaking. Design of tree-planting schemes was discussed as an example of this interlinkage, with positive attitudes expressed for land sharing at small spatial scales, but not at the whole-farm scale

Micronutrient Dietary Intake in Latina Pregnant Adolescents and Its Association with Level of Depression, Stress, and Social Support

Adolescent pregnant women are at greater risk for nutritional deficits, stress, and depression than their adult counterparts, and these risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes are likely interrelated. This study evaluated the prevalence of nutritional deficits in pregnant teenagers and assessed the associations among micronutrient dietary intake, stress, and depression. One hundred and eight pregnant Latina adolescents completed an Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) in the 2nd trimester. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. Social support satisfaction was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire. More than 50% of pregnant teenagers had an inadequate intake (excluding dietary supplement) of folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Additionally, >20% of participants had an inadequate intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, copper, and selenium. Prenatal supplement inclusion improved dietary intake for most micronutrients except for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous, (>50% below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) and for copper and selenium (>20% below the EAR). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher energy, carbohydrates, and fats, and lower magnesium intake. Higher social support satisfaction was positively associated with dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and zinc. The findings suggest that mood and dietary factors are associated and should be considered together for health interventions during adolescent pregnancy for the young woman and her future child

Barriers to Pediatric Blood Lead Screening

Background: The pernicious effects of lead on the health of children are well-documented. The severity of many of these effects directly correlates with increasing blood lead levels (BLLs). The current recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is that BLLs 10 g/dL are dangerous. However, new evidence demonstrates that there is no safe BLL and that children with BLLs /dL exhibit neurological and social deficits. The Vermont Department of Health (VDH) currently recommends universal blood lead screening for 12 and 24 month-old children. In 2006, 79% of 12 month-old children and 41% of 24 month-old children were screened in Vermont.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1003/thumbnail.jp

Sheep Updates 2007 - part 2

This session covers six papers from different authors: CONCURRENT SESSIONS FINISHING LAMB AND BEEF 1. Precision Feedlot Lamb, Ian McFarland, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 2. Feeding sheep under high heat load did not decrease intake of feedlot rations, Catherine Stockman, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia & Murdoch University, Anne Barnes, Murdoch University David Pethick, Murdoch University 3. Taking the stress out of fifishing lambs and cattle - EasyFeed solutions, Jenny Davis, Brett Thomson, Milne AgriGroup, Welshpool WA, Ron Leng, Emeritus Professor, University of New England, Armidale, NSW WOOL 4. DAFWA algorithm selects Western Australian fine tip wool from auction, Sara Pieruzzini Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 5. Why is adoption of forward contracts by Western Australian producers so limited? Elizabeth Jackson, Mohammed Quaddus, Curtin University of Technology, Nazrul Islam, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, John Stanton, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Curtin University of Technology 6. Genetic programs and the imposition of contract supply conditions on wool fibre diameter, John Stanton, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Curtin University of Technology, Melanie Dowling, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australi

The dose–response effect of insulin sensitivity on albuminuria in children according to diabetes type

Insulin resistance is associated with microalbuminuria among youth with diabetes mellitus. We sought to determine the dose-response effect of insulin sensitivity (IS) on the magnitude of albuminuria and whether there is a threshold below which urine albumin excretion increases

Incidence Trends of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths, 2002–2012

Diagnoses of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youths present a substantial clinical and public health burden. The prevalence of these diseases increased in the 2001–2009 period, but data on recent incidence trends are lacking

Factors influencing time to case registration for youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

The development of a sustainable pediatric diabetes surveillance system for the United States requires a better understanding of issues related to case ascertainment

The suitability and acceptability of a co-designed prototype psychoeducational activity book for seven- to eleven-year-olds with ADHD

Young people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can benefit from psychoeducation interventions. Co-design of these interventions increases engagement and impact. However, there are very few age-appropriate co-designed psychoeducational resources for young people with ADHD. Therefore an activity book prototype (‘ADHD Hero Activity Book’) was co-designed to teach 7–11-year-olds with ADHD about their condition and how to manage it more effectively. This paper describes the initial evaluation of this prototype. Nine parents and eleven children took part across nine online workshops and one phone call. The suitability and acceptability of the activity book prototype was explored, and areas of improvement identified. Sketch notes were taken for respondent validity and engagement purposes. Thematic analysis identified six themes: (1) Visual information; (2) Topic interest and engagement; (3) Importance of relatable content; (4) Importance of activity book interaction and age-appropriate content; (5) Positive aspects of ADHD and (6) The activity book as a communication aid. Improvement suggestions were also provided. Results indicate the activity book is suitable, acceptable and can act as a communication aid between young people and families. Future research may consider the development of versions of the activity book for adolescents with ADHD and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder

An efficient approach for surveillance of childhood diabetes by type derived from electronic health record data: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Objective To develop an efficient surveillance approach for childhood diabetes by type across 2 large US health care systems, using phenotyping algorithms derived from electronic health record (EHR) data