Ten Myths around Open Scholarly Publishing

The changing world of scholarly communication and the emergence of ‘Open Science’ or ‘Open Research’ has brought to light a number of controversial and hotly-debated topics. Yet, evidence-based rational debate is regularly drowned out by misinformed or exaggerated rhetoric, which does not benefit the evolving system of scholarly communication. The aim of this article is to provide a baseline evidence framework for ten of the most contested topics, in order to help frame and move forward discussions, practices and policies. We address preprints and scooping, the practice of copyright transfer, the function of peer review, and the legitimacy of ‘global’ databases. The presented facts and data will be a powerful tool against misinformation across wider academic research, policy and practice, and may be used to inform changes within the rapidly evolving scholarly publishing system

Ten Hot Topics around Scholarly Publishing

The changing world of scholarly communication and the emergence of a new wave of 'Open Science' or 'Open Research' has brought to light a number of controversial and hotly-debated topics. Yet, evidence-based rational debate is regularly drowned out by misinformed or exaggerated rhetoric, which does not benefit the evolving system of scholarly communication. The aim of this article is to provide a baseline evidence framework for ten of the most contested topics, in order to help frame and move forward discussions, practices and policies. We address issues around preprints and scooping, the practice of copyright transfer, the function of peer review, predatory publishers, and the legitimacy of 'global' databases. The presented facts, arguments and data will be a powerful tool against misinformation across wider academic research, policy and practice, and may be used to inform changes within the rapidly evolving scholarly publishing system

IMI : global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice : 2022 update

PURPOSE. Surveys in 2015 and 2019 identified a high level of eye care practitioner concern/activity about myopia, but the majority still prescribed single vision interventions to young myopes. This research aimed to provide updated information. METHODS. A self-administered, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in 13 languages, through professional bodies to eye care practitioners globally. The questions examined awareness of increasing myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy and adoption of available strategies, and reasons for not adopting specific strategies. RESULTS. Of the 3195 respondents, practitioners’ concern about the increasing frequency of pediatric myopia in their practices differed between continents (P < 0.001), being significantly higher in Asia (9.0 ± 1.5 of 10) than other continents (range 7.7–8.2; P ≤ 0.001). Overall, combination therapy was perceived by practitioners to be the most effective method of myopia control, followed by orthokeratology and pharmaceutical approaches. The least effective perceived methods were single vision distance undercorrection, spectacles and contact lenses, as well as bifocal spectacles. Practitioners rated their activity in myopia control between (6.6 ± 2.9 in South America to 7.9 ± 1.2/2.2 in Australasia and Asia). Single-vision spectacles are still the most prescribed option for progressing young myopia (32.2%), but this has decreased since 2019, and myopia control spectacles (15.2%), myopia control contact lenses (8.7%) and combination therapy (4.0%) are growing in popularity. CONCLUSIONS. More practitioners across the globe are practicing myopia control, but there are still significant differences between and within continents. Practitioners reported that embracing myopia control enhanced patient loyalty, increasing practice revenue and improving job satisfaction

OPENLOG: A logical language to program reactive and rational agents

This paper describes a language to program an reactive and rational agent such as that described in [5] and [7]. The new programming language, called OPENLOG, has its semantics described as a logic program which can also work as the interpreter for the language. The language is OPEN in the sense that programs written in it, can be interrupted at anytime to allow for assimilation of inputs. The language is based on a background theory of actions that support logical descriptions of dynamic universes with changing fluents, event concurrency and synergistic effects. The background theory can be formalised using either the Situation Calculus [10] or the Event Calculus [8]. The Elevator example is borrowed from [9] to illustrate the expressiveness of the language and to compare it with previous solutions. The combination of OPENLOG programs and a background theory enables the agent to perform temporal reasoning such as that required for planning. 1 Introduction: From structured to logic pro..

REACTIVE PASCAL and the Event Calculus: A platform to program reactive, rational agents

Jacinto A. D&apos;avila Quintero [email protected] Logic Programming Section Department of Computing. Imperial College 180 Queen&apos;s Gate. London. SW7 2BZ. UK http://laotzu.doc.ic.ac.uk Phone: 0171-5948232 Fax: 0171-5891552 Abstract This paper describes a language to program an &quot;intelligent&quot; (reactive, rational) agent as that described by Kowalski in [5]. The new programming language, called REACTIVE PASCAL, is part of a specification platform that can be based on either the Situation Calculus [9] or the Event Calculus [7]. Some mechanisms for common-sense reasoning are, therefore, directly available. The programmer/designer can complete a background theory describing the relevant dynamics of the universe in which the agent will operate. The Elevator example is borrowed from [8] to illustrate the expressiveness of the platform. The combination of REACTIVE PASCAL programs and a background theory then enables the agent to perform temporal reasoning such as that required for planning. ..

Agents in Logic Programming

The objective of this thesis is to explore ways of describing agents in logical theories. The contribution is that the logical theories we build are a generalised form of logic programs. Like normal logic programs, these theories have an intuitive declarative reading and a procedural interpretation to guide the implementation of automatic devices and software. Both human beings and machines can reason about these logical theories. We employ the amalgamation of object and meta-logic programs to model notions such as beliefs, goals and agent&apos;s &quot;mental&quot; activities. But we also accommodate less usual notions such as reactivity, openness, activation of goals and preference encoding, that have proved to be essential in realistic models of agents. Four logic programming languages to program agent with those features are introduced. We use an event-based approach to model dynamic universes with changing properties, concurrency and synergistic effects

A Review on Tactile Displays for Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) is a minimally invasive technique that offers many advantages over traditional open surgery: it reduces trauma, scarring, and shortens recovery time. However, an important limitation is the loss of tactile sensations. Although some progress has been made in robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) setups, RMIS is still not widely accessible. This review aims to identify which tactile display technologies have been proposed and experimentally validated for the restoration of tactile sensations during conventional laparoscopic surgical tasks. We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified relevant articles published over the past 10 years through a search on Web of science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital, and PubMed repositories. A total of 143 articles met the inclusion criteria and 24 were included in the final review. From the reviewed articles, we classified the proposed tactile displays into two categories based on the use of skin contact: (i) skin tactile displays, which include vibrotactile, skin-indentation, and grip-feedback devices, and (ii) non-contact tactile displays based on visualization tools. This survey aims to contribute to further research in the area of tactile displays for laparoscopic surgery by providing a better understanding of the current state of the art and identifying the remaining challenges