Trends in teen pregnancy and birth rates after accounting for socioeconomics, education and ethnic diversity.

<p>(A) The adjusted median household income significantly influenced teen pregnancy and birth rates, but the level of abstinence education still had a significant influence on teen pregnancy and birth rates after accounting for socioeconomic status. (B) Education had a significant influence on teen birth, but not on teen pregnancy rates. After accounting for the influence of teen education, the level of abstinence education still had a significant influence on both teen pregnancy and teen birth rates. (C) The proportion of white teens (but not black teens) in the population had a significant influence on teen pregnancy and teen birth rates. After accounting for this influence, the level of abstinence education still had a significant influence on teen pregnancy and birth rates.</p

Teen pregnancy rates, abstinence education levels and Medicaid waivers to access family planning services.

<p>Access to waivers does not explain the difference in teen pregnancy rates (shown are means and ±2 SE) in states with a different emphasis on abstinence.</p

Teen pregnancy, abortion and birth rates (per 1000 girls aged 14–19) by level of abstinence education.

<p>Based on 2005 data for all states except North Dakota and Wyoming, N = number of states.</p

Abstinence education level prescribed in 2005 state laws or policies.

<p>All 48 states with state laws or policies on sex and/or HIV education are shown (North Dakota and Wyoming are not represented).</p

UV opsin nucleotide alignment

Ultraviolet opsin nucleotide sequence alignment for 38 North American firefly taxa (FASTA format)

Tree 1 (Stanger-Hall and Lloyd taxa + 14 taxa)

BEAST phylogeny constructed with taxa from Stanger-Hall and Lloyd (2015) plus 14 additional taxa. The tree has been trimmed to include only species used in this study

Socioeconomics and ethnic diversity as potential influences on teen pregnancy, abortion and birth rates in 48 states.

<p>Significant correlations are marked in bold type (* significant at p<0.05, ** significant at p<0.01).</p>1<p>The % teen population variables are measures of the ethnic diversity of the states. Please note the teen pregnancy, abortion and birth data (per 1000) reflect the behavior of all teens in each state: they are not limited to the behavior within that particular ethnic teen population (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024658#pone-0024658-t005" target="_blank">Table 5</a>).</p

U.S. teenage pregnancy and birth rates are high compared to other developed countries.

<p>Rates are listed as numbers per 1000 girls 15–19 years old,</p>∧<p>15–18 years old <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024658#pone.0024658-Darroch1" target="_blank">[1]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0024658#pone.0024658-UK1" target="_blank">[4]</a>.</p

Tree 2 (Stanger-Hall and Lloyd taxa plus 32 taxa)

BEAST phylogeny constructed with taxa from Stanger-Hall and Lloyd (2015) plus 32 additional taxa. The tree has been trimmed to include only species used in this study. Its topology, presented in Text S3, differs slightly from Tree 1, which is presented in the main text

UV opsin amino acid alignment

Ultraviolet opsin amino acid sequence alignment for 38 North American firefly species (FASTA format)