11,314 research outputs found
Size, Shape and Low Energy Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes
A theory of the long wavelength low energy electronic structure of
graphite-derived nanotubules is presented. The propagating electrons are
described by wrapping a massless two dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian onto a
curved surface. The effects of the tubule size, shape and symmetry are included
through an effective vector potential which we derive for this model. The rich
gap structure for all straight single wall cylindrical tubes is obtained
analytically in this theory, and the effects of inhomogeneous shape
deformations on nominally metallic armchair tubes are analyzed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 postscript figure
Compilation by stochastic Hamiltonian sparsification
Simulation of quantum chemistry is expected to be a principal application of
quantum computing. In quantum simulation, a complicated Hamiltonian describing
the dynamics of a quantum system is decomposed into its constituent terms,
where the effect of each term during time-evolution is individually computed.
For many physical systems, the Hamiltonian has a large number of terms,
constraining the scalability of established simulation methods. To address this
limitation we introduce a new scheme that approximates the actual Hamiltonian
with a sparser Hamiltonian containing fewer terms. By stochastically
sparsifying weaker Hamiltonian terms, we benefit from a quadratic suppression
of errors relative to deterministic approaches. Relying on optimality
conditions from convex optimisation theory, we derive an appropriate
probability distribution for the weaker Hamiltonian terms, and compare its
error bounds with other probability ansatzes for some electronic structure
Hamiltonians. Tuning the sparsity of our approximate Hamiltonians allows our
scheme to interpolate between two recent random compilers: qDRIFT and
randomized first order Trotter. Our scheme is thus an algorithm that combines
the strengths of randomised Trotterisation with the efficiency of qDRIFT, and
for intermediate gate budgets, outperforms both of these prior methods.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, 1 algorith
Aide-mémoire: Improving a Project’s Collective Memory via Pull Request–Issue Links
Links between pull request and the issues they address document and accelerate the development of a software project but are often omitted. We present a new tool, Aide-mémoire, to suggest such links when a developer submits a pull request or closes an issue, smoothly integrating into existing workflows. In contrast to previous state-of-the-art approaches that repair related commit histories, Aide-mémoire is designed for continuous, real-time, and long-term use, employing Mondrian forest to adapt over a project’s lifetime and continuously improve traceability. Aide-mémoire is tailored for two specific instances of the general traceability problem—namely, commit to issue and pull request to issue links, with a focus on the latter—and exploits data inherent to these two problems to outperform tools for general purpose link recovery. Our approach is online, language-agnostic, and scalable. We evaluate over a corpus of 213 projects and six programming languages, achieving a mean average precision of 0.95. Adopting Aide-mémoire is both efficient and effective: A programmer need only evaluate a single suggested link 94% of the time, and 16% of all discovered links were originally missed by developers
Transverse frames for Petrov type I spacetimes: a general algebraic procedure
We develop an algebraic procedure to rotate a general Newman-Penrose tetrad
in a Petrov type I spacetime into a frame with Weyl scalars and
equal to zero, assuming that initially all the Weyl scalars are non
vanishing. The new frame highlights the physical properties of the spacetime.
In particular, in a Petrov Type I spacetime, setting and
to zero makes apparent the superposition of a Coulomb-type effect
with transverse degrees of freedom and .Comment: 10 pages, submitted to Classical Quantum Gravit
The Potential Impact of Plain Packaging of Cigarette Products Among Brazilian Young Women: An Experimental Study
Background: Tobacco use is responsible for 5.4 million deaths every year worldwide and is a leading cause of preventable death. The burden of these deaths is rapidly shifting to low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. Brazil has prohibited most forms of tobacco advertising; however, the cigarette pack remains a primary source of marketing. The current study examined how tobacco packaging influences brand appeal and perceptions of health risk among young women in Brazil.
Methods: A between-subjects experiment was conducted in which 640 Brazilian women aged 16–26 participated in an online survey. Participants were randomized to view 10 cigarette packages according to one of three experimental conditions: standard branded packages, the same packs without brand imagery (“plain packaging”), or the same packs without brand imagery or descriptors (e.g., flavors). Participants rated packages on perceived appeal, taste, health risk, smoothness, and smoker attributes. Finally, participants were shown a range of branded and plain packs from which they could select one as a free gift, which constituted a behavioral measure of appeal.
Results: Branded packs were rated as significantly more appealing, better tasting, and smoother on the throat than plain packs. Branded packs were also associated with a greater number of positive smoker attributes including style and sophistication, and were perceived as more likely to be smoked by females than the plain packs. Removing descriptors from the plain packs further decreased the ratings of appeal, taste and smoothness, and also reduced associations with positive attributes. In the pack offer, participants were three times more likely to select branded packs than plain packs.
Conclusions: Plain packaging and removal of descriptors may reduce the appeal of smoking for youth and young adults, and consequently reduce smoking susceptibility. Overall, the findings provide support for plain packaging regulations, such as those in Australia
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