85 research outputs found
Unraveling the Shift to the Entrepreneurial Economy
A recent literature has emerged providing compelling evidence that a major shift in the organization of the developed economies has been taking place: away from what has been characterized as the managed economy towards the entrepreneurial economy. In particular, the empirical evidence provides consistent support that (1) the role of entrepreneurship has significantly increased, and (2) a positive relationship exists between entrepreneurial activity and economic performance. However, the factors underlying this observed shift have not been identified in a systematic manner. The purpose of this paper is to suggest some of the factors leading to this shift and implications for public policy. In particular, we find that a fundamental catalyst underlying the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy involved the role of technological change. However, we also find that it was not just technological change but rather involved a number of supporting factors, ranging from the demise of the communist system, increased globalization, new competition for multinational firms and higher levels of prosperity. Recognition of the causes of the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy suggests a rethinking of the public policy approach. Rather than the focus of directly and exclusively on promoting startups and SMEs, it may be that the current approach to entrepreneurship policy is misguided. The priority should not be on entrepreneurship policy but rather a more pervasive and encompassing approach, policy consistent with an entrepreneurial economy
Healing without Freud or Prozac : natural approaches to curing stress, anxiety and depression, revised ed./ Servan-Schreiber
p. 304: ill.; 20 c
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Models of Neuromodulation and Information Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia
This paper illustrates the use of connectionist models to explore the relationship between biological variables and cognitive deficits. The models show how empirical observations about biological and psychological deficits can be catpured within the same framework to account for specific aspects of behavior. W e present simulation models of three attentional and linguistic tasks in which schizophrenics show performance deficits. At the cognitive level, the models suggest that a disturbance in the processing of context can account for schizophrenic patterns of performance in both attention and language-related tasks. At the same time, the models incorporate a mechanism for processing context that can be identified with the function of the prefrontal cortex, and a parameter that corresponds to the effects of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. A disturbance in this parameter is sufficient to account for schizophrenic patterns of performance in the three cognitive tasks simulated. Thus, the models offer an explanatory mechanism linking performance deficits to a disturbance in the processing of context which, in turn, is attributed to a reduction of dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex
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