Phase Dependence of Double-Resonance Experiments in Rotational Spectroscopy

We here report on double-resonance experiments using broadband chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy that can facilitate spectral assignment and yield information about weak transitions with high resolution and sensitivity. Using the diastereomers menthone and isomenthone, we investigate the dependence of pumping a radio frequency transition on both the amplitude and phase of the signal from a microwave transition with which it shares a common rotational level. We observe a strong phase change when scanning the radio frequency through molecular resonance. The direction of the phase change depends on the energy level arrangement, that is, if it is progressive or regressive. The experimental results can be simulated using the three-level optical Bloch equations and described with the AC Stark effect, giving rise to an Autler–Townes splitting

Longitudinal analysis of information processing.

<p>Huntington’s disease patients (HD) and proxies had a similar understanding of the protocol at M0. Comprehension score decreased over time in the HD patients, whereas it remained stable in their proxies (Prox). Satisfaction with the information provided remained stable in both patients and proxies. Error bars represent standard errors.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the HD patients and proxies.

<p>Data are numbers and means ± SD (<i>range</i>) unless otherwise indicated. N: numbers; UHDRS: Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128209#pone.0128209.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>]; TFC: total functional capacity [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128209#pone.0128209.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>]; MDRS: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128209#pone.0128209.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>].</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of the HD patients and proxies.</p

Reasons for consenting: motivations and expectations.

<p>Patients and proxies were asked to classify each motivation as important or not important (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128209#pone.0128209.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a>). ns: not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05; Fisher’s exact test).</p><p>Reasons for consenting: motivations and expectations.</p

Impact of <i>COMT</i> genotype and the number of CAG repeats in the long allele on disease evolution within the four domains.

<p>Impact of <i>COMT</i> genotype and the number of CAG repeats in the long allele on disease evolution within the four domains.</p

Structure of the latent class mixed models.

<p>Red dashed line includes variables used for the linear mixed model part. Blue dashed line includes variables used for the beta transformation. Latent domain represents the non-observable motor, behavioral, functional or cognitive domains. Observed task performances are those measured using the UHDRS. The latent motor process was modeled using the TMS; the latent behavioral process was modeled using the UHDRS behavioral score; the latent functional process was modeled using the FAS and IS scores; The latent cognitive process was modeled using letter fluency at 1 minute, letter fluency at 2 minutes, SDMT, Stroop Color, Stroop Word and Stroop Word/Color interference.</p

Distribution of the <i>COMT</i> genotypes in HD gene carriers and control groups.

<p>Distribution of the <i>COMT</i> genotypes in HD gene carriers and control groups.</p

Concordance between predicted and real age at onset.

<p>Each point represents an individual patient. The observed age at onset is the one provided in the database. The predicted age at onset is the one calculated by the formula 21.54 + exp(9.556–0.146 x CAG). The gray line is the first bisector corresponding to the line of predicted = observed. The closeness of the points to the gray line indicates the extent to which predicted age at onset matches real age at onset. If predicted age at onset is greater than the observed age at onset, the points are located above the gray line. By contrast, if the predicted age at onset is below the real age at onset, the points are located below the gray line.</p