Low level measurements of atmospheric DMS, H2S, and SO2 for GTE/CITE-3

This project involved the measurement of atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as part of the GTE/CITE-3 instrument intercomparison program. The two instruments were adapted for use on the NASA Electra aircraft and participated in all phases of the mission. This included ground-based measurements of NIST-provided standard gases and a series of airborne missions over the Western Atlantic Ocean. Analytical techniques used are described and the results are summarized

Listener expectations and the perceptual accommodation of talker variability: A pre-registered replication

Published: 04 May 2021Researchers have hypothesized that in order to accommodate variability in how talkers produce their speech sounds, listeners must perform a process of talker normalization. Consistent with this proposal, several studies have shown that spoken word recognition is slowed when speech is produced by multiple talkers compared with when all speech is produced by one talker (a multitalker processing cost). Nusbaum and colleagues have argued that talker normalization is modulated by attention (e.g., Nusbaum & Morin, 1992, Speech Perception, Production and Linguistic Structure, pp. 113–134). Some of the strongest evidence for this claim is from a speeded monitoring study where a group of participants who expected to hear two talkers showed a multitalker processing cost, but a separate group who expected one talker did not (Magnuson & Nusbaum, 2007, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 33[2], 391–409). In that study, however, the sample size was small and the crucial interaction was not significant. In this registered report, we present the results of a well-powered attempt to replicate those findings. In contrast to the previous study, we did not observe multitalker processing costs in either of our groups. To rule out the possibility that the null result was due to task constraints, we conducted a second experiment using a speeded classification task. As in Experiment 1, we found no influence of expectations on talker normalization, with no multitalker processing cost observed in either group. Our data suggest that the previous findings of Magnuson and Nusbaum (2007) be regarded with skepticism and that talker normalization may not be permeable to high-level expectations.This research was supported by NSF 1754284, NSF IGERT 1144399 & NSF NRT 1747486 (PI: JSM) and NSF BCS 1554810 & NIH R01 DC013064 (PI: EBM). This research was also supported in part by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018- 2021 program and by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation SEV-2015-0490. SL was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowshi

Predictors of Depressive Symptomatology in Family Caregivers of Wom-en With Substance Use Disorders or Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Disorders

This study utilized a stress-process model to examine the impact of having a female family member with substance use or co-occurring substance use and mental disorders on family caregivers\u27 depressive symptomatology. Participants were 82 women receiving substance abuse treatment and the family member providing the most social support for each woman. Greater caregiver depressive symptomatology was predicted by greater care recipient emotional problems, less care recipient social support, and poor caregiver health. Implications of findings for treatment and future research are discusse

OMM as a Complementary Therapy for Chronic Shoulder Overuse Injury in a Division III Softball Pitcher

At the height of the season, baseball and softball pitchers are playing 4-5 games a week and practicing on days without games. As a result, they put tremendous additive stress on their throwing shoulder and elbow joint. This case utilized a novel, non-invasive osteopathic approach to improving shoulder mobility in a Division III athlete. If used on a regular basis, the shoulder mobility technique shows utility for athletes suffering from overuse injury. Our patient showed mild qualitative improvement, however they continue to use OMM as complementary treatment and describe a moderate qualitative improvement

Adaptively-refined overlapping grids for the numerical solution of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in conjunction with higher-order upwind finite-difference methods have been used effectively on a variety of problems in two and three dimensions. In this paper we introduce an approach for resolving problems that involve complex geometries in which resolution of boundary geometry is important. The complex geometry is represented by using the method of overlapping grids, while local resolution is obtained by refining each component grid with the AMR algorithm, appropriately generalized for this situation. The CMPGRD algorithm introduced by Chesshire and Henshaw is used to automatically generate the overlapping grid structure for the underlying mesh

Robust Lexically Mediated Compensation for Coarticulation: Christmash Time Is Here Again

First published: 20 April 2021A long-standing question in cognitive science is how high-level knowledge is integrated with sensory input. For example, listeners can leverage lexical knowledge to interpret an ambiguous speech sound, but do such effects reflect direct top-down influences on perception or merely postperceptual biases? A critical test case in the domain of spoken word recognition is lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation (LCfC). Previous LCfC studies have shown that a lexically restored context phoneme (e.g., /s/ in Christma#) can alter the perceived place of articulation of a subsequent target phoneme (e.g., the initial phoneme of a stimulus from a tapes-capes continuum), consistent with the influence of an unambiguous context phoneme in the same position. Because this phoneme-to-phoneme compensation for coarticulation is considered sublexical, scientists agree that evidence for LCfC would constitute strong support for top–down interaction. However, results from previous LCfC studies have been inconsistent, and positive effects have often been small. Here, we conducted extensive piloting of stimuli prior to testing for LCfC. Specifically, we ensured that context items elicited robust phoneme restoration (e.g., that the final phoneme of Christma# was reliably identified as /s/) and that unambiguous context-final segments (e.g., a clear /s/ at the end of Christmas) drove reliable compensation for coarticulation for a subsequent target phoneme.We observed robust LCfC in a well-powered, preregistered experiment with these pretested items (N = 40) as well as in a direct replication study (N = 40). These results provide strong evidence in favor of computational models of spoken word recognition that include top–down feedback

Evaluation of the Onset of Protective Immunity from Administration of a Modified-live, Non-adjuvanted Vaccine prior to Intranasal Challenge with Bovine Herpesvirus-1

Study objectives were to determine if subcutaneous administration of a modified-live, non-adjuvanted vaccine containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) at five, three, or two days pre-challenge, would reduce clinical signs, rectal temperatures, and viral shedding, and enhance serological response to BHV-1. Colostrumdeprived, neonatal calves (n = 48) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, each containing eight calves. Treatment groups were based on administration of vaccine (VAC) or saline controls (CON) and day of administration (day -5, -3 or -2) relative to intranasal BHV-1 challenge (day 0). Following challenge, calves were monitored for clinical signs, rectal temperature, seroconversion, and quantity of BHV-1 recovered by virus isolation from nasal swabs. Data for the evaluation period (days 4-14) were analyzed using multivariable statistics. Day -5 and -3 VAC groups had fewer (P \u3c 0.05) days of clinical illness compared to CON. Rectal temperatures were lower (P \u3c 0.05) during days 4-8 for each of the VAC groups as compared to combined CON groups. CON calves shed BHV-1 for more days than calves vaccinated on day -5 (P \u3c 0.01), day -3 (P = 0.06), or day -2 (P = 0.06). Mean concentrations of nasal BHV-1 also differed (P \u3c 0.05) between combined CON groups and each of the VAC groups during at least one study day. Calves in the VAC groups (median = 10 days) seroconverted to BHV-1 (P \u3c 0.01) sooner than CON calves (median = 14 days). This study demonstrated that the use of a non-adjuvanted MLV vaccine in neonatal calves can reduce the effects of BHV-1 challenge soon after vaccination