Compilation of results of the ICPPR non-Apis working group with a special focus on the bumblebee acute oral and contact toxicity ring test 2014 ICPPR Non-Apis Working Group

Although honeybee risk assessment for chemicals has been rigorously revised recently, methods and techniques available for non-apis pollinators are scarce. An ICPPR working group “non-apis” was established in 2013 to address these knowledge gaps. Acute contact tests were designed and performed with solitary bees Osmia sp. but still require further optimization. Ring tests on acute oral and contact toxicity for the bumblebee Bombus sp. were developed and performed in 2014. Thirteen European laboratories participated in the trials and in most cases control mortality was < 10% after 96h, indicating that the developed methodologies were feasible in a variety of laboratories. The oral exposure and the group contact exposure tests were each found to generate more variable LD50 estimates, whereas the endpoints obtained in the single contact tests were more consistent among laboratories. The difference in the two different contact test designs indicates the presence of a ‘housing’ effect, which makes the group housing less favorable. In addition, the use of Tween80 as a wetting agent was found to be unsuccessful

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes