108 research outputs found
Long term outcomes in men screened for abdominal aortic aneurysm : prospective cohort study
Get PDFPMID: 22563092 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC3344734 Free PMC ArticlePeer reviewedPublisher PD
Effectiveness of policy to provide breastfeeding groups (BIG) for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial
Get PDFObjective To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a policy to provide breastfeeding groups for pregnant and breastfeeding women
A probabilistic analysis of argument cogency
Get PDFThis paper offers a probabilistic treatment of the conditions for argument cogency as endorsed in informal logic: acceptability, relevance, and sufficiency. Treating a natural language argument as a reason-claim-complex, our analysis identifies content features of defeasible argument on which the RSA conditions depend, namely: change in the commitment to the reason, the reasonās sensitivity and selectivity to the claim, oneās prior commitment to the claim, and the contextually determined thresholds of acceptability for reasons and for claims. Results contrast with, and may indeed serve to correct, the informal understanding and applications of the RSA criteria concerning their conceptual dependence, their function as update-thresholds, and their status as obligatory rather than permissive norms, but also show how these formal and informal normative approachs can in fact align
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of computed tomography screening for lung cancer : systematic reviews
Get PDFScreening for lung cancer has been the subject of
debate for the past three decades. This has largely
stemmed from the results of chest X-ray screening
studies where improvements in survival were
obtained but without reductions in disease-specific,
or total, mortality. The debate raises two issues:
the design of studies to evaluate screening for
lung cancer, in particular the choice of
comparator; and the potential role of overdiagnosis of well-differentiated, slow-growing
tumours that would not have led to symptoms or
death in the lifetime of the affected patient.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from
cancer in the UK, killing approximately 34,000
people per year. By the time symptoms develop,
the tumour is often at an advanced stage and the
prognosis is bleak. Treatment at a less advanced
stage of disease with surgical resection has been
shown to substantially reduce mortality.
Screening would be attractive if it could detect
presymptomatic lung cancer at a stage when
surgical intervention is feasible
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