Efficacy of two traps and three different pheromone-based attractants to control the banana weevil adults Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in banana orchards on Terceira Island, Azores.

ABSTRACT: The banana borer weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (German) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered an important pest of bananas. It is extremely specific to Musaceae (Musaceae: Musa species). The efficacy of the different combination of traps and attractants on the banana weevil is important to been investigated to identify the best combination to use in banana orchards on Terceira Island (Azores). For that purpose, an essay was conducted during two years (2021 and 2022) to determine the efficiency of two traps (Cosmotrack and Stopweevil) and three attractants containing sordidin pheromone (Cosmogel NovAgrica, CosmoPlus Scyll’Agro and EcoSordidina 90K Ecobertura) to monitor C. sordidus populations in two banana orchards. The trap contents were collected every 15 days in 2021 for all the year (January to December). In 2022 the same two traps (Cosmotrack and Stopweevil) and only two different attractants (Cosmogel NovAgrica and CosmoPlus Scyll’Agro) were tested for 5 months (from January to May). The results from both essays suggest that Cosmotrack with Cosmoplus is the more suitable best combination trap and attractant for the control of C. sordidus. We also found significant differences in the banana weevil adult captures between the two traps and the three attractants considered in two orchards. Significant difference was found between Cosmotrack with Cosmoplus and Cosmotrack with Cosmogel, and when between Cosmotrack with Cosmoplus regarding all the other trap and attractant combinations tested.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inventory of Arthropod pests in Azorean orchards : the project CUARENTAGRI

The data we present are part of the CUARENTAGRI project, which involves all archipelagos of the Macaronesia region (Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde). The project aims to identify and evaluate the risk associated with the introduction of new arthropod pests and also to study the population evolution of those present and the arthropod pests responsible by damaging crops, as well as develop monitoring systems based on prediction and/or evolution of the crop pests, creating warnings and a phytosanitary prevention system. The presented data comprised three islands of the Azores archipelago (Terceira, São Jorge and São Miguel islands), where pheromones-baited traps were placed in several orchards types (banana, olives, orange, strawberry, chestnuts, pasture, potato and apples), during 3 consecutive years (2020, 2021 and 2022). This publication contributes to a better knowledge of the arthropods pests that can affect the Azorean crops, and will serve as a baseline for future monitoring actions, pest risk assessments, and impacts warning and prevention systems.FUNDING: This work was financed under the project CUARENTAGRI by Cooperation Programs INTERREG V A (Spain-Portugal) and MAC 2014-2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Limited effect of management on apple pollination : a case study from an oceanic Island

Intensive agricultural practices leading to habitat degradation represent a major threat to pollinators. Diverse management practices are expected to influence wild pollinator abundance and richness on farms, although their effect in perennial crops is still unclear. In this study, we assessed the impact of management on apple (Malus domestica) pollination on an oceanic island, by comparing conventional (with and without herbicide application) and organic apple orchards. Pollinator visitation and pan trap surveys were carried out in six apple orchards in Terceira Island (Azores) and the landscape composition surrounding orchards was characterized. We also quantified fruit set, seed set and apple weight. We found no significant effect of management on insect visitation rates, whereas there was a negative association with increasing surrounding agricultural land. In contrast, management had an effect on species abundance, richness and diversity at the orchard level. Conventional orchards without herbicides showed higher abundance than the rest, but lower richness and diversity than conventional orchards with herbicides. Management had an effect on fruit set, but not on seed set or fruit weight. Our results suggest that management alone is insufficient for the overall improvement of apple pollination on an oceanic island, while landscape composition may play a relevant role.Regional Government of Extremadura in Spain (PO17006); ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000073info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First finding of Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura) in the Azores

Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura) (Hemiptera; Cicadellidae) is native to South-East Asia and is a highly polyphagous pest, considered an invasive pest, that affects crops as well as endemic plants. This paper presents the first report of S. orientalis in the Azores (Portugal). The first individuals were found in 2018 in the botanic garden on Terceira Island and later in 2020 in banana orchards. In 2020, S. orientalis was found in Pico Island in mixed forests.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Riqueza de espécies e diversidade ecológica de himenópteros parasitóides (Hymenoptera, Parasitica) em culturas frutícolas da ilha Terceira (Açores)

"A ordem Hymenoptera, que compreende as abelhas, vespas e formigas, constitui um dos grupos mais diversos do reino animal (Nieves-Aldrey & Fontal-Cazalla, 1999). Actualmente conhecem-se entre 120.000 a 200.000 espécies de himenópteros, mas algumas estimativas apontam para valores bastante superiores: 250.000 a 500.000 espécies (Gaston, 1991). Nos Açores, actualmente estão referenciadas 131 espécies de Hymenoptera (11 das quais endémicas), um número que possivelmente corresponde a menos de 30% da fauna realmente existente no arquipélago (ver Fig. 8 em Borges et al., 2005). […]". (da Introdução

Lista de espécies de artrópodes associados a diferentes culturas frutícolas da Ilha Terceira (Açores)

Actas do I Workshop de Fruticultura : contributo para o seu desenvolvimento. Angra do Heroísmo, 21-23 Abril 2005.Conhecer a acarifauna e a entomofauna de um habitat agrícola é um dos passos fundamentais para se conseguir uma protecção integrada e sustentável das culturas. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma lista das espécies de artrópodes encontradas em quatro culturas frutícolas da ilha Terceira (bananeiras, citrinos, macieiras e pessegueiros). Os indivíduos foram capturados com recurso a três métodos de amostragem: i) recolha directa das folhas e/ou ramos; ii) técnica dos batimentos; iii) armadilhas Malaise. No total foram estabelecidas 679 morfoespécies diferentes, tendo-se identificado, até ao momento, 218 morfoespécies até ao nível de género e/ou espécie. Destacam-se 17 espécies que são citadas pela primeira vez para a ilha Terceira, 12 são novidades para os Açores e uma espécie é citada pela primeira vez para Portugal (Fungitarsonemus peregrinus, Acariformes (Prostigmata): Tarsonemidae). Salienta-se, ainda, uma das espécies do género Encarsia sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelenidae), que muito provavelmente será uma espécie nova para a ciência. Finalmente discute-se a importância deste estudo para trabalhos futuros, e a necessidade de desenvolver mais listas faunísticas para estas e outras culturas

Lista de espécies de artrópodes associados a diferentes culturas frutícolas da ilha Terceira (Açores, Portugal)

Copyright © 2010 SEA, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa.Conhecer a acarifauna e a entomofauna de um habitat agrícola é um dos passos fundamentais para se conseguir uma protecção integrada e sustentável das culturas. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma lista das espécies de artrópodes encontradas em quatro culturas frutícolas da ilha Terceira (bananeiras, citrinos, macieiras e pessegueiros). Os indivíduos foram capturados com recurso a três métodos de amostragem: i) recolha directa das folhas e/ou ramos; ii) técnica dos batimentos; iii) armadilhas Malaise. No total foram estabelecidas 679 morfoespécies, tendo-se identificado 218 morfoespécies até ao nível de género e/ou espécie. Destacam-se 17 espécies que foram encontradas pela primeira vez para a ilha Terceira durante esta amostragem, 12 que constituíam novidades faunísticas para os Açores e uma espécie que foi citada pela primeira vez para Portugal. Finalmente discute-se a importância deste estudo para trabalhos futuros, e a necessidade de desenvolver mais listas faunísticas para estas e outras culturas.RESUMEN: Conocer la acarifauna y la entomofauna de un hábitat agrícola es uno de los primeros pasos necesarios para llegar a una protección más integrada y sostenible de los cultivos. En este trabajo se presenta el listado de especies de artrópodos que habitan en cuatro tipos de frutales en la isla Terceira (plataneros, cítricos, manzanos y melocotoneros). Los individuos fueron capturados mediante tres métodos de colecta: búsqueda directa sobre las hojas y ramas; técnica de batido; y trampas Malaise. En total se han identificado 679 morfoespecies, de las cuales 218 se identificaron hasta el nivel de género y/o espécie. Diecisiete morfoespecies se han encontrado por primera vez en Terceira durante este muestreo, 12 son nuevas para las Azores y una especie es nueva para Portugal. Además se discute la importancia de este estudio para futuros proyectos de investigación, y la necesidad de desarrolla r más listados faunísticos en es tos y otros tipos de frutales.ABSTRACT: Knowing the arthropod fauna associated with agroecosystems is essential to achieve sustainable integrated pest management. Here we present a checklist of the arthropod species found on four types of fruit crops on Terceira Island (bananas, orange-trees, apple-trees and peach-trees). The specimens were collected using three different sampling methods: i) direct collecting from leaves and/or branches; ii) beating technique; iii) Malaise traps. In total, we detected 679 morphospecies, of which 218 were identified to the genus and/or species level. Seventeen species are first records for Terceira Island, 12 for the Azores and one for Portugal. Finally we discuss the importance of this work for future studies, as well as the need to develop more checklists for these and other crops

Evaluation of eficacity of a bait with lufenuron 3% to control Ceratitis capitata Wied. in Terceira island, Azores

The main goal of this survey was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new method to control Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae), which could be less hazard for the human health and for the environment. This method uses baits with 3% of lufenuron. For this survey, 1056 of baits were installed covering an area of 44 ha in the North Island of Terceira. The experiment has started in 2009 and lasted for 3 years. The results are contradictory about its effectiveness. Between 2009 and 2010, there was a decrease of C. capitata male populations, while between 2010 and 2011 there was a high increase of C. capitata male populations, overcoming 2009 capture values. There are differences of the attack influence of males in areas with baits and without them. The number of captured males was much higher than of the females

Response of different types of wood treatment regarding the different products application to the management of drywood termites Cryptotermes brevis populations in the Azores

A térmita de madeira seca das Índias Ocidentais, a Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1953) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) está perfeitamente estabelecida nos Açores, sendo considerada uma praga urbana com grande impacto económico e social pelos graves prejuízos que causa, através da destruição estrutural, principalmente das madeiras de suporte dos telhados. Espera-se com esta contribuição: i) determinar qual o produto com a maior taxa de absorção em todas as madeiras usadas na estrutura dos telhados açorianos; ii) contribuir de uma forma decisiva para que as empresas dos Açores possam adoptar esta prática no tratamento de todas as madeiras a usar nas estruturas; iii) contribuir, indirectamente, para a redução do ataque das térmitas nas madeiras, através do seu tratamento com estes produtos, tendo em vista o controlo desta praga nas zonas urbanas afectadas. De todos os seis produtos utilizados, o XT-2000 (d-limonene), líquido com propriedades insecticidas extraído da casca de citrinos, foi o que melhor foi absorvido e se difundiu no interior da madeira tratada em todas as modalidades ensaiadas. Analisando esta capacidade de difusão no interior da madeira por cada tipo de produto e atendendo ao facto de se tratar de madeira do cerne ou do borne (superfície), o XT-2000 (d-limonene) e o TERMINATE (cialotrina) foram os que registaram a maior percentagem de absorção. Na madeira do cerne, o WOCOSEN (permetrina) foi o que melhor foi absorvido por todas as madeiras. É de referir que a acácia, o sapé e o eucalipto foram as madeiras que registaram a menor taxa de absorção após a aplicação dos produtos ensaiados.ABSTRACT: The West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1953) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae), is a well-established and serious pest of structural wood in the Azores. It is therefore important to study different ways to fight against this insect, and among the several research studies in progress, in these contribution we discuss the rate of diffusion of six products inside five different kinds of wood that are normally used for construction of Azorean building roofs. Our aims are: i) to test which product is best absorbed in each type of wood tested and used in the building of Azorean roofs; ii) to contribute with methods that can be adopted by Azorean commercial enterprises to develop a domestic termite control industry; iii) to contribute indirectly in understanding the best woods and products we expect to enhance control of these pest in the affected urban areas. Of the six products tested, XT-2000 (d-limonene), a liquid extracted from citrus peels, gave the best results in terms of diffusion on all the wood types tested. When we compared the performance of each kind of product tested in both heartwood and sapwood, XT-2000 and TERMINATE were the products with the greatest amount absorbed in the woods tested. In the heartwood alone, WOCOSEN (permethrin) was the one that gave the best results for all woods. It is also important to note that acácia, sapé and Eucalyptus sp. were the woods that absorbed the least with all the products tested

Evaluation of damage caused by the olive fruit fly Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae in Terceira Island, Azores

In the Azores archipelago, the olive tree only occurs in 2 Islands, Terceira and Pico. The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) is the key pest for this crop on the Island of Terceira, by causing important damage. Monitoring of B. oleae adults showed the occurrence of 2 population peaks, one of greater intensity in October and another of lesser intensity, in August. For the assessment of the damage caused by B. oleae, were held, in 2010, samplings of olives in 2 orchards, one with a high number of treatments and the other without any treatment. The intensity of attack in the olives, in the orchard with treatments was just 1% and in the orchard without treatments, was 66% of the olives