336 research outputs found
Transition from Dirac points to exceptional points in anisotropic waveguides
We uncover the existence of Dirac and exceptional points in waveguides made of anisotropic materials, and study the transition between them. Dirac points in the dispersion diagram appear at propagation directions where the matrix describing the eigenvalue problem for bound states splits into two blocks, sorting the eigenmodes either by polarization or by inner mode symmetry. Introducing a non-Hermitian channel via a suitable leakage mechanism causes the Dirac points to transform into exceptional points connected by a Fermi arc. The exceptional points arise as improper hybrid leaky states and, importantly, are found to occur always out of the anisotropy symmetry planes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Anisotropy-induced photonic bound states in the continuum
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are radiationless localized states embedded in the part of the parameter space that otherwise corresponds to radiative modes. Many decades after their original prediction1, 2, 3 and early observations in acoustic systems4, such states have been demonstrated recently in photonic structures with engineered geometries5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Here, we put forward a mechanism, based on waveguiding structures that contain anisotropic birefringent materials, that affords the existence of BICs with fundamentally new properties. In particular, anisotropy-induced BICs may exist in symmetric as well as in asymmetric geometries; they may form in tunable angular propagation directions; their polarization may be pure transverse electric, pure transverse magnetic or full vector with tunable polarization hybridity; and they may be the only possible bound states of properly designed structures, and thus appear as a discrete, isolated bound state embedded in a whole sea of radiative states.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Angular control of anisotropy-induced bound states in the continuum
Radiation of leaky modes existing in anisotropic waveguides can be cancelled by destructive
interference at special propagation directions relative to the optical axis orientation, resulting in
fully bound states surrounded by radiative modes. Here we study the variation of the loci of such
special directions in terms of the waveguide constitutive parameters. We show that the angular
loci of the bound states is sensitive to several design parameters, allowing bound states to exist for
a broad range of angular directions and wavelengths and suggesting applications in filtering and
sensing.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Topology Transitions of Anisotropy Induced Bound States in the Continuum
We demonstrate that Bound states In the Continuum (BICs) are supported in planar
anisotropic structures where the optic axes are arbitrarily oriented. Moreover, we reveal
fundamental new topological properties of these BICs that depend on the relative orientation of the
optic axes in the core and substrate.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Optimal second best taxation of addictive goods in dynamic general equilibrium: a revenue raising perspective
In this paper we derive conditions under which optimal tax rates for addictive goods exceed tax rates for non-addictive consumption goods within a rational addiction framework where exogenous government spending cannot be financed with lump sum taxes. We reexamine classic results on optimal commodity taxation and find a rich set of new findings. Two dynamic effects exist. First, households anticipating higher future addictive tax rates reduce current addictive consumption, so they will be less addicted when the tax rate increases. Therefore, addictive tax revenue falls prior to the tax increase. Surprisingly, the optimal tax rate on addictive goods is generally decreasing in the strength of tolerance, since strong tolerance strengthens this tax anticipation effect. Second, high current tax rates on addictive goods make households less addicted in the future, affecting all future tax revenues in a way which depends on how elasticities are changing over time. Classic results on uniform commodity taxation emerge as special cases when elasticities are constant and the addiction function is homogeneous of degree one. Finally, we also study features of addictive goods such as complementarity to leisure that, while not directly related to the definition of addiction, are nonetheless properties many addictive goods display
Anomalies and Wess-Zumino Terms in an Extended, Regularized Field-Antifield Formalism
Quantization of anomalous gauge theories with closed, irreducible gauge
algebra within the extended Field-Antifield formalism is further pursued. Using
a Pauli-Villars (PV) regularization of the generating functional at one loop
level, an alternative form for the anomaly is found which involves only the
regulator. The analysis of this expression allows to conclude that recently
found ghost number one cocycles with nontrivial antifield dependence can not
appear in PV regularization. Afterwards, the extended Field-Antifield formalism
is further completed by incorporating quantum effects of the extra variables,
i.e., by explicitly taking into account the regularization of the extra sector.
In this context, invariant PV regulators are constructed from non-invariant
ones, leading to an alternative interpretation of the Wess-Zumino action as the
local counterterm relating invariant and non-invariant regularizations.
Finally, application of the above ideas to the bosonic string reproduces the
well-known Liouville action and the shift at one
loop.Comment: 30 pages, Latex file, KUL-TF-93/50, UB-ECM-PF 93/14, UTTG-16-93.
(shortened version, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Brane-Intersection Dynamics from Branes in Brane Backgrounds
We derive the dynamics of M-brane intersections from the worldvolume action
of one brane in the background supergravity solution of another one. In this
way we obtain an effective action for the self-dual string boundary of an
M2-brane in an M5-brane, and show that the dynamics of the 3-brane intersection
of two M5-branes is described by a Dirac-Born-Infeld action.Comment: 12 pages,latex. Typos corrected, reference adde
Infinitely many rigid symmetries of kappa-invariant D-string actions
We show that each rigid symmetry of a D-string action is contained in a
family of infinitely many symmetries. In particular, kappa-invariant D-string
actions have infinitely many supersymmetries. The result is not restricted to
standard D-string actions, but holds for any two-dimensional action depending
on an abelian world-sheet gauge field only via the field strength. It applies
thus also to manifestly covariant D-string actions. Furthermore, it
extends analogously to -dimensional actions with -form gauge
potentials, such as brane actions with dynamical tension.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex; one reference added, complete names of author
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