Greater efforts to be made to promote silat

. E.g. A/C indicates that the reference strain has an A at the relevant position, and the test strain has a C. Since the probes are all designed to be complementary to the C57BL/6J reference, this means that there is an A-T base pair for C57BL/6J and a C-T pair for the test strain. Error bars represent the standard error.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Strong position-dependent effects of sequence mismatches on signal ratios measured using long oligonucleotide microarrays"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/317</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():317-317.</p><p>Published online 3 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2475537.</p><p></p

Strong position-dependent effects of sequence mismatches on signal ratios measured using long oligonucleotide microarrays-2

Ct match. Pairs of values were plotted against each other where they had the same length of perfect match. There was a significant correlation between the values from the two datasets (r= 0.43).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Strong position-dependent effects of sequence mismatches on signal ratios measured using long oligonucleotide microarrays"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/317</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():317-317.</p><p>Published online 3 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2475537.</p><p></p

Chromium causes aggregation predominantly of proteins synthesized during chromium exposure

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Application of the comprehensive set of heterozygous yeast deletion mutants to elucidate the molecular basis of cellular chromium toxicity"</p><p>http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/12/R268</p><p>Genome Biology 2007;8(12):R268-R268.</p><p>Published online 18 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2246270.</p><p></p> Cells were exposed to 0.1 mM CrOfor 60 minutes, either at the same time as or after labeling with [S]methionine for 60 minutes. The data show the relative enrichment of isotope in the aggregate fraction [cpm per μg aggregated protein, corrected for labeling efficiency (cpm per μg total protein)]. (b) Due to the natural turnover of labeled proteins during the post-labeling 60 minute incubation ± Cr, the data from this experiment were normalized with respect to the minus-Cr control from (a). Aggregated protein as a proportion of total protein was determined after incubation of cells for 1 h in the absence or presence of 0.4 mM CrOand 10 μg mlcycloheximide (CHX). All values are means ± standard error of the mean from three independent determinations

Integration of proteome and metabolic control to show regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolic fluxes at the protein (enzyme) level

Shown here are the coupling of carbon and nitrogen fluxes at the level of glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh1p, Gdh2p) and glutamine synthetase (Gln1p), the regulation of arginine biosynthesis at the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (Cpa1p, Cpa2p) level and amino-acid biosynthesis, and amino-acid sensing by TOR. Selected proteins with levels consistently upregulated (red) with growth independently of culture conditions are shown. Enzymes responsible for the cytosolic 2-oxoglutarate pool: Aco1p and Aco2p, aconitase and putative aconitase isoenzyme; Odc1p and Odc2p, mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate transporters; Idp2p, NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. Enzyme subunits coupling the oxidation of succinate to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone: Sdh1p and Sdh2p, succinate dehydrogenase, flavoprotein, and iron-sulfur protein subunits, respectively. Metabolic diagram from [42, 91, 92] and drawn using Cell Designer [136] and Adobe Illustrator [137].<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast"</p><p>http://jbiol.com/content/6/2/4</p><p>Journal of Biology 2007;6(2):4-4.</p><p>Published online 30 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2373899.</p><p></p

Integration of proteome and metabolic control to show regulation of sulfur and C1 (folate) metabolic fluxes at the protein (enzyme) level

Selected proteins with levels consistently upregulated (red) or downregulated (green) with growth independently of culture conditions are shown. Sulfur, C1 metabolism, methyl cycle, methionine and -adenosylmethionine (SAM) fluxes towards methylation of proteins, rRNAs and tRNAs, and protein biosynthesis are shown here. Metabolic pathways and enzymes are from [42,82, 103-105] and the diagram is drawn with Cell Designer [136] and Adobe Illustrator [137]. Reverse methionine biosynthetic pathways [83] have been omitted for clarity. Metabolite abbreviations: THF, tetrahydrofolate; METTHF, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate; MTHPTGLUT, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate (donor of the terminal methyl group in methionine biosynthesis); GT, glutathione; CYS, cysteine; CT, cystathionine; OAHS, -acetylhomoserine; HCYS, homocysteine; MET, methionine; SAM, -adenosylmethionine; SAH, -adenosylhomocysteine; D-SAM, decarboxylated -adenosylmethionine; MTA, methylthioadenosine. Metabolic steps (genes/enzymes): Met10p, sulfite reductase alpha subunit; Ecm17p, sulfite reductase beta subunit; , folylpolyglutamate synthetase (Met7p not detected; the relevance of polyglutamylation in the C1 metabolism branch was demonstrated at the transcriptional level (see text)); Met13p, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase isozyme; Met6p, methionine synthase; Mes1p, methionyl-tRNA synthetase; Sam1p, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozyme; Sam2p, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozyme. Sah1p, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase; Ado1p, adenosine kinase.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast"</p><p>http://jbiol.com/content/6/2/4</p><p>Journal of Biology 2007;6(2):4-4.</p><p>Published online 30 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2373899.</p><p></p