414 research outputs found
The rational SPDE approach for Gaussian random fields with general smoothness
A popular approach for modeling and inference in spatial statistics is to
represent Gaussian random fields as solutions to stochastic partial
differential equations (SPDEs) of the form , where
is Gaussian white noise, is a second-order differential
operator, and is a parameter that determines the smoothness of .
However, this approach has been limited to the case ,
which excludes several important models and makes it necessary to keep
fixed during inference.
We propose a new method, the rational SPDE approach, which in spatial
dimension is applicable for any , and thus remedies
the mentioned limitation. The presented scheme combines a finite element
discretization with a rational approximation of the function to
approximate . For the resulting approximation, an explicit rate of
convergence to in mean-square sense is derived. Furthermore, we show that
our method has the same computational benefits as in the restricted case
. Several numerical experiments and a statistical
application are used to illustrate the accuracy of the method, and to show that
it facilitates likelihood-based inference for all model parameters including
.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure
Multivariate type G Mat\'ern stochastic partial differential equation random fields
For many applications with multivariate data, random field models capturing
departures from Gaussianity within realisations are appropriate. For this
reason, we formulate a new class of multivariate non-Gaussian models based on
systems of stochastic partial differential equations with additive type G noise
whose marginal covariance functions are of Mat\'ern type. We consider four
increasingly flexible constructions of the noise, where the first two are
similar to existing copula-based models. In contrast to these, the latter two
constructions can model non-Gaussian spatial data without replicates.
Computationally efficient methods for likelihood-based parameter estimation and
probabilistic prediction are proposed, and the flexibility of the suggested
models is illustrated by numerical examples and two statistical applications
Quantifying the uncertainty of contour maps
Contour maps are widely used to display estimates of spatial fields. Instead
of showing the estimated field, a contour map only shows a fixed number of
contour lines for different levels. However, despite the ubiquitous use of
these maps, the uncertainty associated with them has been given a surprisingly
small amount of attention. We derive measures of the statistical uncertainty,
or quality, of contour maps, and use these to decide an appropriate number of
contour lines, that relates to the uncertainty in the estimated spatial field.
For practical use in geostatistics and medical imaging, computational methods
are constructed, that can be applied to Gaussian Markov random fields, and in
particular be used in combination with integrated nested Laplace approximations
for latent Gaussian models. The methods are demonstrated on simulated data and
an application to temperature estimation is presented
Necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotically optimal linear prediction of random fields on compact metric spaces
Optimal linear prediction (also known as kriging) of a random field
indexed by a compact metric space
can be obtained if the mean value function
and the covariance function
of are known. We
consider the problem of predicting the value of at some location
based on observations at locations which
accumulate at as (or, more generally, predicting
based on for linear functionals ).
Our main result characterizes the asymptotic performance of linear predictors
(as increases) based on an incorrect second order structure
, without any restrictive assumptions on such as stationarity. We, for the first time, provide
necessary and sufficient conditions on for
asymptotic optimality of the corresponding linear predictor holding uniformly
with respect to . These general results are illustrated by an example on the
sphere for the case of two isotropic covariance functions.Comment: 36 page
Spatial models generated by nested stochastic partial differential equations, with an application to global ozone mapping
A new class of stochastic field models is constructed using nested stochastic
partial differential equations (SPDEs). The model class is computationally
efficient, applicable to data on general smooth manifolds, and includes both
the Gaussian Mat\'{e}rn fields and a wide family of fields with oscillating
covariance functions. Nonstationary covariance models are obtained by spatially
varying the parameters in the SPDEs, and the model parameters are estimated
using direct numerical optimization, which is more efficient than standard
Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedures. The model class is used to estimate daily
ozone maps using a large data set of spatially irregular global total column
ozone data.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS383 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
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