EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND POLLEN VIABILITY IN RELATION TO FRUIT SET AMONG FIVE VARIETIES OF TOMATO GROWN IN NIGERIA

U ovom se radu razmatraju morfološke značajke, vijabilnost polena i zametanje ploda u pet kultivara rajčice (Roma, Tropimech, Tima, Tedino i UC-82-B) uzgajane u Nigeriji. Sjeme je uzgojeno u Botaničkom vrtu Sveučilišta Ilorin u Nigeriji. Sakupljeni su i analizirani podaci o morfologiji rasta i stvaranju ploda te utvrđena vijabilnost polena u odnosu na zametanje ploda.Rezultati pokazuju značajne varijacije i korelacije između visine biljke i karakterikstike listova. Međutim,vegetativni rast nije bio u izravnoj vezi s postotkom stvaranja cvjetova i zametanja plodova, ali vijabilnost polena bila je izravno proporcionalna sa zametanjem plodova kod istraživanih kultivara rajčice.Smanjenje vijabilnosti polena pratio je manji broj zametenih plodova.Na broj plodova i veličinu mogu djelovati biotički i abiotički čimbenici, iako se otkrilo da je postotak vijabilnog polena u majčinskoj stanici polena djelovao na zametanje ploda. Dok zrna polena na terenu mogu podlijegati mnogobrojnom stresu, vijabilnost polena u kontroliranom okruženju može se razlikovati od vijabilnosti polena na otvorenom. Međutim,vijabilnost polena u izravnoj je vezi sa zametanjem ploda u rajčice i može se promatrati kao vitalna značajka za poboljšanje rajčice u uzgojnom programu.The present study considered morphological traits, pollens viability and fruit set among five tomatovarieties(Roma, Tropimech, Tima, Tedino and UC-82-B) grown in Nigeria. The seeds were grown in the screen house facility at the Botanical garden, University of IlorinNigeria. Growth and fruiting morphological data were collected and analyzed while pollen viability in relation to fruit set was determined. The results showed significant vegetative growth variations and correlations between plant height and leaf characters. However, vegetative growth was notdirectly related to percentage offlower formation and fruit set, but pollen viability was directly proportional to fruit set in the tomato varieties studied. Reduction in pollen viability was accompanied by lower number of fruit set. Fruit number and size may be affected by biotic or abiotic factors, nonetheless, the percentage of viable pollens in Pollen Mother Cell was found to affect fruit set. Although pollen grains in the field may be subjected to multiple stresses simultaneously;viability of pollens in a controlled setup may differ to the pollen viability in the open field environment. However, pollen viability is directly associated with fruit set in tomato and could be screened as a vital trait for improved tomato in breeding programme

EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND POLLEN VIABILITY IN RELATION TO FRUIT SET AMONG FIVE VARIETIES OF TOMATO GROWN IN NIGERIA

U ovom se radu razmatraju morfološke značajke, vijabilnost polena i zametanje ploda u pet kultivara rajčice (Roma, Tropimech, Tima, Tedino i UC-82-B) uzgajane u Nigeriji. Sjeme je uzgojeno u Botaničkom vrtu Sveučilišta Ilorin u Nigeriji. Sakupljeni su i analizirani podaci o morfologiji rasta i stvaranju ploda te utvrđena vijabilnost polena u odnosu na zametanje ploda.Rezultati pokazuju značajne varijacije i korelacije između visine biljke i karakterikstike listova. Međutim,vegetativni rast nije bio u izravnoj vezi s postotkom stvaranja cvjetova i zametanja plodova, ali vijabilnost polena bila je izravno proporcionalna sa zametanjem plodova kod istraživanih kultivara rajčice.Smanjenje vijabilnosti polena pratio je manji broj zametenih plodova.Na broj plodova i veličinu mogu djelovati biotički i abiotički čimbenici, iako se otkrilo da je postotak vijabilnog polena u majčinskoj stanici polena djelovao na zametanje ploda. Dok zrna polena na terenu mogu podlijegati mnogobrojnom stresu, vijabilnost polena u kontroliranom okruženju može se razlikovati od vijabilnosti polena na otvorenom. Međutim,vijabilnost polena u izravnoj je vezi sa zametanjem ploda u rajčice i može se promatrati kao vitalna značajka za poboljšanje rajčice u uzgojnom programu.The present study considered morphological traits, pollens viability and fruit set among five tomatovarieties(Roma, Tropimech, Tima, Tedino and UC-82-B) grown in Nigeria. The seeds were grown in the screen house facility at the Botanical garden, University of IlorinNigeria. Growth and fruiting morphological data were collected and analyzed while pollen viability in relation to fruit set was determined. The results showed significant vegetative growth variations and correlations between plant height and leaf characters. However, vegetative growth was notdirectly related to percentage offlower formation and fruit set, but pollen viability was directly proportional to fruit set in the tomato varieties studied. Reduction in pollen viability was accompanied by lower number of fruit set. Fruit number and size may be affected by biotic or abiotic factors, nonetheless, the percentage of viable pollens in Pollen Mother Cell was found to affect fruit set. Although pollen grains in the field may be subjected to multiple stresses simultaneously;viability of pollens in a controlled setup may differ to the pollen viability in the open field environment. However, pollen viability is directly associated with fruit set in tomato and could be screened as a vital trait for improved tomato in breeding programme

Morpho-chemical divergence and fatty acid profile of shea tree seeds (Vitellaria paradoxa) collected from different locations in Kwara State, Nigeria

The present study characterizes seed-related traits, phytochemical, physiochemical parameters and fatty acid profile of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) seeds collected from the Kosubosu, Fufu and Sare areas of Kwara State, Nigeria to determine the effects of microclimate on seed morphology, biochemical and oil constituents. Seed morphological data were analyzed for variability. Seed oil was extracted for phytochemical constituents, physicochemical properties, and fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed intra and inter-locational variations in seed characters. Most fruits had 1–2 seeds. Seeds were predominantly brown and very few were dark brown. Phytochemicals and physicochemical parameters of the seed oil varied with place of collection. Alkaloid, saponin, tannin and phytate contents ranged between 0.79–0.84, 1.20–1.26, 1.48–1.56 and 0.15–0.18 mg g–1 respectively. The density of the oil was less than that of water, acid value ranged from 10.58–13.56 mg KOH g–1 and iodine values were between 36.63 to 40.32 g I2 (100 g)–1. Saponification values lie between 160.39 and 184.14 mg KOH g–1; and free fatty acid was within 5.32–6.81 %. Peroxide, ɑ-tocopherol, total phenol and oxalate values as well as viscosity of the oil also varied; however, refractive index was similar. Ethyl oleate and octadecanoic acids were present and most abundance in all the locations, while glycidol stearate was only found in Fufu samples with three other fatty acids. Five fatty acids were present in Kosubosu, while Sare had only two. The results obtained in the present study indicate that shea oil could be used for medicinal, nutritional and industrial purposes. Since seed characters, phytochemical, physicochemical and fatty acid compositions varied with the microclimate, environmental and micro-ecological conditions should be considered when collecting seeds for oil utilization

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fungi Contaminants Associated with In Vitro Cultured Banana Based on ITS Region Sequence

This study characterized, identified and conducted phylogenetic analysis on fungi contaminants in vitro bananas based on the sequence of inter-space (ITS) regions. Genomic DNA was extracted from the pure culture of fungi contaminants, amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 markers. Analysis of the sequences using MEGA 7 Software at higher similarity sequence identified five Aspergillus spp., three Penicillium spp., one each of Fusarium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium as the contaminants. The genetic distance between the fungi species was 0.205, which suggests a homogeneous substitution between the sequences, and thiamine was the most stable. The fungi clustered in three major groups at 0.10 genetic distance, subdivided into five clusters. A cluster and sub-cluster consisting of five Aspergillus strains; a major cluster of three Penicillium strains; a cluster comprising of Fusarium chlamydosporum and Trichoderma viride; and a sole fungi Cladosporium tenuissimum. The Aspergillus group were phylogenetically related to A. flavus and A. parvissclerotigenus, the identified Penicillium spp. were closely related to Penicillium citrinum while the detected Cladosporium aligned with Cladosporium tenuissium and Phoma multirostrata. The information provided by this study could be utilized to develop a specific and compelling sterilization protocol to minimize the rate of contamination during in vitro culture procedures

Growth performance of cowpea in spent oil-contaminated soils ameliorated with cocoa shell powder and biochar

The study assessed the ameliorative potentials of cocoa shell powder and biochar on spent engine oil (SEO) soils using the growth performance of cowpea. Twenty-four polyethylene bags were set up consisting of seven treatments (T1 to T7) contaminated with 2% v/w SEO and control (T0) each replicated three times. Cocoa shell biochar (CSB) was applied to T2, T3 and T4 at rates 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% while uncharred cocoa shell powder (CSP) was incorporated into T5, T6 and T7 at rates 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%. Chemical properties of CSB, CSP and soil treatments were determined by standard methods. Cowpea seeds were sown and germination and growth parameters were determined at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. The result showed CSB was alkaline and rich in exchangeable cations. SEO-contamination negatively impacted soil nutrient composition, weakened germination by 27% and negatively affected growth of cowpea. Plants in T0 had significantly highest growth and biomass. CPB (especially 1%) amendment significantly improved leaf initiation and area compared with plants in T1. Growth declined with increasing CSP amendment. In conclusion, conversion of cocoa shells to biochar is necessary eliminate the acidic effects of the raw cocoa shell and effectively condition the soil

Utility of some floral characters in the assessment of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame collections were evaluated for quantitative floral characters and data obtained were subjected to various statistical analyses. Result showed narrow diversity in most of the quantitative floral characters with moderate variability in length of flower (2.03-3.27 cm), length of style (1.10-1.40 cm), length of capsule (2.33-2.98 cm) and number of seeds per capsule (38.67 – 57.67). Correlation study revealed significantly (p &lt; 0.01) positive correlations for length of ovary versus length of flower (r= 0.70) and length of capsule versus length of style (r= 0.77). The first two principal components accounted for 61.59 % of which the first component had 34.13 % and the second was 27.46 %. Dendrogram divided the seventeen accessions/landraces into two major groups (A and B). Group A had only one cluster with five members whilegroup B had three clusters (Cluster II, III and IV) with seven, three and two members respectively. Each accession within a cluster could be employed as baseline parent in crossbreeding for improvement of yield in Nigerian sesame.</p

DJELOVANJE PENDIMETHALINA NA DIJELOVE MAHUNE PET ELITNIH VRSTA STOČNOG GRAŠKA

A field study on the effects of pre- and post-emergence application of herbicide (pendimethalin) on the reproductive yield of five accessions of cowpea (TVu-9092, TVu-16265, TVu-16320, TVu-16323 and TVu-16421) was conducted between June and August, 2018. Pendimethalin was applied both as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide (PE and EPOE) and followed by hand weeding at 4 and 8 weeks after sowing (WAS). Number of pods per plant was highest in TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha PE pendimethalin (19.33) and 0.250 kg/ha pendimethalin EPOE application (19.00). Highest pod diameter in PE treatment was produced in TVu-16320 with 0.25 kg/ha pendimethalin (7.55 mm) and TVu-16323 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin produced the highest pod diameter (7.74 mm) in the EPOE treatment. Highest pod length in the PE treatment was produced in TVu-9092 with 0.125 kg/ha, while TVu-9092 without pendimethalin produced the highest pod length (30.00 cm) in the EPOE treatment. In the PE treatment, TVu-16265 and TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha had the highest (2.99 g) and lowest empty pod weights (1.70 g) respectively. In the EPOE treatment, the highest empty pod weight (3.01 g) was produced in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin while the control of TVu-16320 recorded the lowest empty pod weight (2.03 g). The highest of 100 seeds weight (14.91 g) was produced in TVu-16421 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin PE treatment and lowest (9.26 g) was obtained in the untreated control of TVu-16323. In the post-emergence treatment, the lowest 100 seeds weight (8.88 g) was obtained in TVu-16320 with 0.125 kg/ha. Highest weight per pod in the PE and EPOE application was obtained in untreated control with TVu-9092 (10.47 g), while the lowest weight per pod (3.22 g) was in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha EPOE application. The study concluded that pendimethalin application as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide at low and high concentrations produced varying effects on pod attributes among the accessions of cowpea.Terensko istraživanje primjene herbicida (pendimethalina) prije i poslije klijanja na reproduktivni prinos pet vrsta stočnog graška (TVu-9092, TVu-16265, TVu-16320, TVu-16323 i TVu-16421, provedeno je između lipnja i kolovoza 2018. godine. Penthalin je primijenjen kao herbicid prije i poslije klijanja (PE i EPOE) nakon čega je slijedilo ručno plijevljenje 4 i 8 tjedana nakon sijanja (WAS). Broj mahuna po biljci bio je najveći kod TVu-9092 tretiranog sa 0,125 kg/ha PE pendimethalina (19,33) i 0,250 kg/ha pendimethalina EPOE (19,00). Najviši promjer mahune u PE tretmanu nastao je u TVu-16320 s 0,25 kg/ha pendimetalina (7,55 mm), a TVu-16323 s 0,125 kg/ha pendimetalina proizveo je najveći promjer mahune (7,74 mm) u tretmanu EPOE. Najveća duljina mahuna u PE obradi proizvedena je u TVu-9092 s 0,125 kg/ha, dok je TVu-9092 bez pendimetalina proizvela najveću duljinu mahune (30,00 cm) u EPOE tretmanu. U PE postupku TVu-16265 i TVu-9092 sa 0,125 kg/ha imao najviše (2,99 g) i najniže težine prazne mahune (1,70 g). U EPOE postupku najveću težinu prazne mahune (3,01 g) imao je TVu-16265 sa 0,125 kg/ha pendimethalina dok je kontrola TVu-16320 zabilježila najnižu težinu prazne mahune (2,03 g). Najveća težina 100 sjemenki (14,91 g) zabilježena je u TVu-16421 sa 0,125 kg/ha pendimethalina dok je kontrola TVu-1632 zabilježila najnižu težinu prazne mahune (2,03 g). Najviša težina sto sjemenki (14,91 g) proizvedena je u TVu-16421 sa 0,125 kg/ha pedimenthalina i najniža (9,26 g) u netretiranoj kontroli TVu-16323. U postupku nakon klijanja najniža težina 100 sjemenki (8,88 g) zabilježena je u TVu-16320 najniža težina prazne mahune (2,03g). Najviša težina 100 sjemenki u postupku PE i EPOE dobivena je u netretiranoj kontroli sa TVu-9092 (10,47g) dok je najniža težina po mahuni (3,22 g) bila kod TVu-16265 sa 0,125 kg/ha EPOE. U radu je zaključeno da je primjena pedimenthalina prije i odmah poslije klijanja u niskim i visokim koncentracijama imala različito djelovanje na mahunu raznih vrsta stočnog graška

Integrated system for cashew disease management and yield

No Abstract